Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences during genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, making them essential tools in genetic engineering for creating recombinant DNA.
Q.2Easy
What is the primary purpose of using DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
Answer: B
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent DNA fragments, sealing nicks in the DNA backbone after recombination.
Q.3Easy
Which of the following is an example of a vector used in genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Plasmids are circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can be used as vectors to carry foreign DNA into host cells during genetic engineering.
Q.4Easy
What is the main advantage of using Bt cotton in India?
Answer: B
Bt cotton contains the Cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces toxins lethal to cotton bollworm larvae, reducing pesticide use significantly.
Q.5Easy
Which Indian-approved genetically modified crop is widely cultivated for herbicide resistance?
Answer: D
HT Mustard (DHM-11) was approved for cultivation in India in 2022, engineered with herbicide tolerance for better weed management.
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Q.6Easy
Which enzyme is commonly used as a molecular scissors in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology?
Answer: A
Cas9 is an endonuclease enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sites guided by RNA. DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA, reverse transcriptase converts RNA to DNA, and ligase seals DNA strands.
Q.7Easy
Golden Rice, developed through genetic engineering, is primarily enriched with which nutrient?
Answer: B
Golden Rice contains beta-carotene, a precursor to Vitamin A, which is added to combat Vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. It was developed using genes from daffodil and bacterium Erwinia uredovora.
Q.8Easy
What is the primary function of a restriction endonuclease in genetic engineering?
Answer: B
Restriction endonucleases are molecular scissors that recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences. This is essential for creating recombinant DNA molecules.
Q.9Easy
Which of the following is NOT a vector commonly used in genetic engineering?
Answer: C
Plasmids, bacteriophages, and cosmids are all used as vectors for gene transfer. Mitochondria cannot be used as vectors because they have their own DNA replication system independent of the cell's machinery.
Q.10Easy
In India, which regulatory body is responsible for approving genetically modified crops before their commercial release?
Answer: B
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the competent authority under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change that reviews and approves GM crops for environmental release and commercialization in India.
Q.11Easy
Which enzyme is responsible for cutting DNA at specific recognition sequences during genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, making them essential tools in genetic engineering for creating recombinant DNA.
Q.12Easy
What is the primary function of DNA ligase in genetic engineering protocols?
Answer: B
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, effectively sealing nicks in the DNA backbone and joining DNA fragments together.
Q.13Easy
Which vector is most commonly used for introducing foreign DNA into bacterial cells?
Answer: A
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can replicate independently and serve as excellent vectors for genetic engineering in prokaryotes.
Q.14Easy
In CRISPR-Cas9 system, what does the guide RNA do?
Answer: B
The guide RNA (gRNA) is complementary to the target DNA sequence and directs the Cas9 nuclease protein to the specific location where the DNA needs to be cut.
Q.15Easy
Which of the following is a selectable marker gene commonly used in genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Antibiotic resistance genes (like ampicillin resistance) are frequently used as selectable markers to identify successfully transformed cells that have incorporated the recombinant plasmid.
Q.16Easy
In CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, what is the role of the PAM (Protospacer Adjacent Motif) sequence?
Answer: B
PAM sequence is essential for Cas9 recognition and binding. Without PAM (typically NGG in S. pyogenes), Cas9 cannot cleave the target DNA, ensuring site-specific editing.
Q.17Easy
Which plasmid feature is MOST critical for the maintenance of recombinant DNA in bacterial cells across multiple generations?
Answer: B
Origin of replication (ori) is essential for autonomous replication of plasmids. Without it, the plasmid cannot replicate and will be lost during cell division.
Q.18Easy
Which regulatory body in India is responsible for approving genetically modified organisms under the Environment Protection Act, 1986?
Answer: B
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change evaluates and approves GMOs for environmental and food safety.
Q.19Easy
In polymerase chain reaction (PCR), what is the primary function of the annealing temperature optimization?
Answer: B
Annealing temperature determines primer specificity. Optimal temperature prevents non-specific binding while allowing target amplification, crucial for PCR accuracy.
Q.20Easy
What is the role of DNA ligase in genetic engineering?
Answer: B
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, sealing nicks in the DNA backbone after recombination.
