Reasoning is the one section where practice changes your score fastest, because the question types repeat even when the surface changes. Topics include number and letter series, coding and decoding, blood relations, direction sense, syllogism, seating arrangement, puzzles, and statement based questions. Solutions show the diagram or table used to reach the answer, which is the part worth copying into your own method.
All philosophers are thoughtful. Some thoughtful people are writers. Conclusion: Some philosophers are writers. Is this conclusion valid?
Answer: B
All philosophers are thoughtful, but only SOME thoughtful people are writers. We cannot conclude that some philosophers are writers without additional information.
Q.162Medium
In a code language, COMPUTER is written as RFMYOLSV. How is KEYBOARD written in the same code?
Answer: C
COMPUTER→RFMYOLSV uses reverse alphabet mapping (A↔Z, B↔Y, etc.). KEYBOARD using same rule gives DSVVBSYQ.
Q.163Medium
Pointing to a photograph, a man said, 'The father of this girl is the son of my mother.' How is the girl related to the man?
Answer: A
The son of my mother = myself. So the girl's father is the man. Therefore, the girl is his daughter.
Q.164Medium
Find the next term in the sequence: 4, 9, 25, 49, 121, ?
Answer: A
These are squares of prime numbers: 2²=4, 3²=9, 5²=25, 7²=49, 11²=121, 13²=169.
Q.165Medium
No reptiles are mammals. Some reptiles are dangerous. Conclusion: Some dangerous things are not mammals. Is this valid?
Answer: A
Since no reptiles are mammals, and some reptiles are dangerous, then some dangerous things (the dangerous reptiles) are not mammals. Valid conclusion.
Q.166Medium
All flowers are plants. Some plants are vegetables. Conclusion: Some flowers are vegetables. Valid or Invalid?
Answer: B
All flowers are plants, but only SOME plants are vegetables. We cannot conclude that some flowers are vegetables without knowing if flowers overlap with the vegetables category.
Q.167Medium
Six people A, B, C, D, E, F sit around a circular table facing inward. D is opposite to B. A is to the right of B. C is between A and F. E is between D and F. Who sits opposite to A?
Answer: C
Arranging clockwise: B, A, C, E, D, F. D opposite B (given). A right of B (given). C between A-F, E between D-F. C is opposite to A.
Q.168Medium
In a family, A is the brother of B. C is the mother of A. D is the brother of C. E is the father of D. How is E related to B?
Answer: A
C is mother of A, so C is mother of B. E is father of D, and D is brother of C, so E is father of C. Therefore, E is grandfather of B.
Q.169Medium
If COMPUTER is coded as DPNQVUFS (each letter shifted by 1 position in alphabet), how is TECHNOLOGY coded?
Answer: A
Each letter is shifted forward by 1: T→U, E→F, C→D, H→I, N→O, O→P, L→M, O→P, G→H, Y→Z. Result: UFDIOPHBHZ.
Q.170Medium
All dancers are performers. Some performers are artists. Which of the following must be true?
Answer: D
Dancers ⊂ Performers. Some Performers are Artists. This doesn't guarantee dancers are artists, but performers not being dancers is logically valid from the given premises.
Q.171Medium
In a seating arrangement, 5 people sit in a row. M is at one end. P is third from the left. Q is between M and P. R and S are the remaining people. If M is on the left, who is at the rightmost position?
Answer: D
M at position 1. P at position 3. Q at position 2 (between M and P). R and S at positions 4 and 5. Either could be rightmost.
Q.172Medium
A number series is: 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?. What is the next number?
In a row of 7 people, A is taller than B. C is shorter than D. E is taller than F. If A < C and F > B, which of the following must be true?
Answer: C
From given: A < C, F > B, and B < A. Therefore F > B and B < A < C, so F > A. Also F > B < A < C means C > F is not necessarily true. Testing: A < C (given), F > B, so F could be > C. But C > F follows from chain: B < A < C and F > B means we need to verify. Actually, A < C (given) and if we chain inequalities: B < A < C and F > B, we can conclude C > F is possible but F > C is also possible. Correct answer requires rigorous chain analysis showing C > F must hold.
Q.174Medium
A statement is given: 'All managers are leaders' and 'Some leaders are innovators'. Which conclusion is valid?
Answer: D
Premise 1: All managers are leaders (Managers ⊆ Leaders). Premise 2: Some leaders are innovators. From this, we cannot conclude anything about all or some managers being innovators. However, 'Some leaders are innovators' means not all leaders are innovators. Since all managers are leaders, some leaders (the innovators) are not managers. This is a valid conclusion.
Q.175Medium
A person walks 5 km North, turns left and walks 3 km, turns left again and walks 5 km. In which direction is he from the starting point?
Answer: B
Start at origin facing North. Walk 5 km North (position: 0,5). Turn left (now facing West), walk 3 km (position: -3,5). Turn left again (now facing South), walk 5 km (position: -3,0). Final position is 3 km West of starting point. Answer is West.
Q.176Medium
In a family, M is the father of N, O is the son of P, P is the daughter of N. How is O related to M?
Answer: A
M is father of N. N is mother of P (P is daughter of N). P is mother of O (O is son of P). Therefore, O is grandson of M.
Q.177Medium
All birds are animals. Some animals are not mammals. Which conclusion is valid?
Answer: D
Premise 1: All birds are animals. Premise 2: Some animals are not mammals. This tells us some animals (not specified which) are not mammals. Birds could be the non-mammals or could all be mammals. We cannot definitively conclude about birds and mammals. The answer is 'Cannot be determined'.
Q.178Medium
In a seating arrangement of 8 people around a square table (2 on each side), if X sits opposite to Y, and Z sits to the immediate right of X, where does Z sit relative to Y?
Answer: A
Square table with 2 people per side = 8 people total. X and Y are opposite. If Z is immediate right of X, and Y is opposite X, then Z is immediate left of Y.
Q.179Medium
A number series follows: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ?. What is the next number?
Answer: B
This is the Fibonacci sequence where each number is the sum of the previous two: 5+8=13, 8+13=21.
Q.180Medium
Six people sit around a circular table. Q is 2 positions clockwise from P. R is 1 position counterclockwise from P. If P is at position 1, where is R?
Answer: B
P at position 1. Q is 2 clockwise: position 3. R is 1 counterclockwise from P: position 6 (since 1-1=0, which wraps to 6 in a circle of 6).
