NEET Zoology - MCQ Practice Questions

Nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff and sewage cause algal blooms and eutrophication in Indian water bodies.

Ecological succession in freshwater ecosystems follows a predictable pattern starting with pioneer algae, progressing to submerged aquatic vegetation, then emergent plants, and finally leading to terrestrial vegetation as the habitat transitions.

The Lindeman 10% law states that only approximately 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, with the remaining 90% lost as heat, respiration, and incomplete consumption.

Biotic potential refers to the inherent capacity of an organism to reproduce and increase in numbers when environmental conditions are optimal and resources are unlimited.

Azotobacter (free-living) and Rhizobium (symbiotic with legumes) are the primary nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil that convert atmospheric N₂ into ammonia (NH₃), making nitrogen available to plants.

Deserts are characterized by extremely low annual precipitation (less than 25 cm per year), making them the driest biomes on Earth, though tundras are also very dry.

The 10% energy transfer rule states that only ~10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level; the remaining 90% is lost through respiration, heat, and excretion. This is fundamental to understanding ecosystem energy dynamics.