Which Indian biome is characterized by high temperature, low rainfall, and sparse vegetation?
Answer: C
The Thar Desert and other Indian desert regions exhibit high temperatures, minimal rainfall, and adapted vegetation like acacia and desert grasses.
Q.122Easy
Which gas, released primarily from coal combustion and industrial processes, is a major contributor to acid rain?
Answer: B
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) combines with water vapor to form sulfuric acid, which falls as acid rain, causing environmental damage.
Q.123Easy
In the nitrogen cycle, the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria is called:
Answer: B
Nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric N₂ is converted to ammonia by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it available to organisms.
Q.124Easy
In a forest ecosystem, if the population of herbivores suddenly increases, what would be the immediate consequence?
Answer: B
Increased herbivore population leads to higher consumption of plant material, resulting in decreased plant biomass.
Q.125Easy
Which of the following best describes the relationship between a tapeworm and its human host?
Answer: B
Tapeworm derives nutrition from host while causing harm, exemplifying parasitism.
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Q.126Easy
What is the primary reason for the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica?
Answer: B
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) release chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Q.127Easy
Which of the following adaptations would be most beneficial for desert animals in the Thar Desert?
Answer: B
Desert animals like jerboas exhibit nocturnal behavior and have efficient kidneys to conserve water, reducing evaporative loss.
Q.128Easy
Which of the following would represent the highest biodiversity hotspot in India?
Answer: B
Western Ghats and Northeast India are recognized global biodiversity hotspots with high endemism and species richness.
Q.129Easy
Which of the following organisms would have the shortest lifespan in a temperate forest ecosystem?
Answer: A
Decomposer bacteria have generation times measured in hours to days, making them have the shortest lifespan compared to other organisms in the ecosystem.
Q.130Easy
Which succession type occurs on newly formed volcanic islands like those in the Indian Ocean?
Answer: B
Primary succession occurs on bare, lifeless substrates where no soil exists, such as newly formed volcanic islands.
Q.131Easy
Which biotic potential would be highest for a species in ideal laboratory conditions?
Answer: B
Intrinsic rate of increase (biotic potential) is expressed as λ and represents maximum reproductive capacity under ideal conditions.
Q.132Easy
Which of the following adaptations would be most beneficial for organisms in the Thar Desert ecosystem?
Answer: B
Desert organisms show adaptations like nocturnal behavior to avoid heat, and physiological mechanisms to conserve water.
Q.133Easy
In India's aquatic ecosystems, eutrophication is primarily caused by excessive amounts of which nutrients?
Answer: B
Nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff and sewage cause algal blooms and eutrophication in Indian water bodies.
Q.134Easy
Which of the following is the correct sequence of ecological succession in a freshwater pond ecosystem?
Answer: A
Ecological succession in freshwater ecosystems follows a predictable pattern starting with pioneer algae, progressing to submerged aquatic vegetation, then emergent plants, and finally leading to terrestrial vegetation as the habitat transitions.
Q.135Easy
The energy transfer efficiency from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem is approximately:
Answer: B
The Lindeman 10% law states that only approximately 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, with the remaining 90% lost as heat, respiration, and incomplete consumption.
Q.136Easy
Which of the following represents a biotic potential in population ecology?
Answer: A
Biotic potential refers to the inherent capacity of an organism to reproduce and increase in numbers when environmental conditions are optimal and resources are unlimited.
Q.137Easy
In the nitrogen cycle, which organism is responsible for nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems?
Answer: A
Azotobacter (free-living) and Rhizobium (symbiotic with legumes) are the primary nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil that convert atmospheric N₂ into ammonia (NH₃), making nitrogen available to plants.
Q.138Easy
Which type of biome receives the least amount of annual rainfall globally?
Answer: B
Deserts are characterized by extremely low annual precipitation (less than 25 cm per year), making them the driest biomes on Earth, though tundras are also very dry.
Q.139Easy
Which of the following statements about energy flow in an aquatic ecosystem is correct?
Answer: C
The 10% energy transfer rule states that only ~10% of energy is passed to the next trophic level; the remaining 90% is lost through respiration, heat, and excretion. This is fundamental to understanding ecosystem energy dynamics.
Q.140Easy
Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences in genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Restriction endonucleases recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, producing sticky or blunt ends used in cloning.
