What is the primary purpose of using plasmids in biotechnology?
Answer: B
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules used as vectors to carry and transfer foreign genes into host cells during genetic engineering.
Q.142Easy
Which of the following is a transgenic organism?
Answer: A
Bt cotton contains foreign genes from Bacillus thuringiensis, making it a true transgenic organism. Others are produced by conventional breeding or mutation.
Q.143Easy
What does PCR stand for?
Answer: A
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a molecular technique for amplifying specific DNA sequences through repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.
Q.144Easy
In recombinant DNA technology, what is the function of DNA ligase?
Answer: B
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, joining DNA fragments together during cloning.
Q.145Easy
Which of the following techniques is used to create transgenic animals by introducing foreign DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg?
Answer: A
Microinjection is the standard technique for creating transgenic animals by directly injecting DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, allowing integration into the genome.
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Q.146Easy
In CRISPR-Cas9 technology, what is the function of the guide RNA?
Answer: B
The guide RNA (gRNA) is complementary to the target DNA sequence and directs the Cas9 endonuclease protein to the exact location where the cut should be made.
Q.147Easy
Which vector is preferred for delivering genes into plant cells for genetic modification?
Answer: C
The Ti (Tumor-inducing) plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the natural vector for plant genetic modification, carrying T-DNA that integrates into the plant genome.
Q.148Easy
Which biotechnology application is primarily used to produce human insulin on a commercial scale?
Answer: B
Recombinant insulin is produced by introducing the human insulin gene into bacteria (usually E. coli), which then produce insulin as a recombinant protein on a large industrial scale.
Q.149Easy
What is the primary role of restriction endonucleases in genetic engineering?
Answer: B
Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, producing sticky or blunt ends essential for creating recombinant DNA.
Q.150Easy
In the development of Bt crops (Bacillus thuringiensis), what is the inserted gene designed to do?
Answer: B
Bt crops contain the Cry gene from Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces a crystalline protein toxic to specific lepidopteran (butterfly and moth) larvae, providing pest resistance.
Q.151Easy
Which of the following represents the correct order of steps in a standard PCR cycle?
Answer: A
The standard PCR cycle follows the order: denaturation (95°C to separate DNA strands), annealing (50-65°C for primer binding), and extension (72°C for synthesis by Taq polymerase).
Q.152Easy
In the development of Golden Rice, which essential nutrient was biofortified into the rice grain through genetic engineering?
Answer: B
Golden Rice was developed to address micronutrient deficiency by introducing genes for beta-carotene synthesis and iron accumulation, addressing vitamin A and iron deficiency.
