Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
Answer: B
Decomposers are living organisms that break down dead matter, making them biotic components. Soil, water, and temperature are abiotic components.
Q.2Easy
What is the primary source of energy in most ecosystems?
Answer: C
Solar radiation captured by photosynthetic organisms is the primary energy source for almost all ecosystems on Earth.
Q.3Easy
Which type of succession occurs on a newly formed volcanic island?
Answer: B
Primary succession occurs on bare, newly exposed surfaces with no pre-existing soil or organisms, such as volcanic islands.
Q.4Easy
Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere?
Answer: C
CO₂ is the major anthropogenic greenhouse gas, comprising about 76% of total greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to global warming.
Q.5Easy
What is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves?
Answer: B
Transpiration is the release of water vapor by plants through stomata in leaves. Evaporation refers to water bodies.
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Q.6Easy
Which of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
Answer: C
Coal is a non-renewable fossil fuel formed over millions of years. Solar, wind, and geothermal are renewable resources.
Q.7Easy
In a pond ecosystem, phytoplankton occupy which trophic level?
Answer: B
Phytoplankton are autotrophic organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis, making them primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Q.8Easy
The 10% law in ecology states that approximately what percentage of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?
Answer: C
The 10% law indicates that only about 10% of energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next level, with the rest lost as heat and through metabolic processes.
Q.9Easy
Which Indian biome is characterized by high temperature, low rainfall, and sparse vegetation?
Answer: C
The Thar Desert and other Indian desert regions exhibit high temperatures, minimal rainfall, and adapted vegetation like acacia and desert grasses.
Q.10Easy
Which gas, released primarily from coal combustion and industrial processes, is a major contributor to acid rain?
Answer: B
Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) combines with water vapor to form sulfuric acid, which falls as acid rain, causing environmental damage.
Q.11Easy
In the nitrogen cycle, the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria is called:
Answer: B
Nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric N₂ is converted to ammonia by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making it available to organisms.
Q.12Easy
In a forest ecosystem, if the population of herbivores suddenly increases, what would be the immediate consequence?
Answer: B
Increased herbivore population leads to higher consumption of plant material, resulting in decreased plant biomass.
Q.13Easy
Which of the following best describes the relationship between a tapeworm and its human host?
Answer: B
Tapeworm derives nutrition from host while causing harm, exemplifying parasitism.
Q.14Easy
What is the primary reason for the formation of the ozone hole over Antarctica?
Answer: B
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) release chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere.
Q.15Easy
Which of the following adaptations would be most beneficial for desert animals in the Thar Desert?
Answer: B
Desert animals like jerboas exhibit nocturnal behavior and have efficient kidneys to conserve water, reducing evaporative loss.
Q.16Easy
Which of the following would represent the highest biodiversity hotspot in India?
Answer: B
Western Ghats and Northeast India are recognized global biodiversity hotspots with high endemism and species richness.
Q.17Easy
Which of the following organisms would have the shortest lifespan in a temperate forest ecosystem?
Answer: A
Decomposer bacteria have generation times measured in hours to days, making them have the shortest lifespan compared to other organisms in the ecosystem.
Q.18Easy
Which succession type occurs on newly formed volcanic islands like those in the Indian Ocean?
Answer: B
Primary succession occurs on bare, lifeless substrates where no soil exists, such as newly formed volcanic islands.
Q.19Easy
Which biotic potential would be highest for a species in ideal laboratory conditions?
Answer: B
Intrinsic rate of increase (biotic potential) is expressed as λ and represents maximum reproductive capacity under ideal conditions.
Q.20Easy
Which of the following adaptations would be most beneficial for organisms in the Thar Desert ecosystem?
Answer: B
Desert organisms show adaptations like nocturnal behavior to avoid heat, and physiological mechanisms to conserve water.
