What is the significance of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in plant genetic engineering?
Answer: B
Agrobacterium tumefaciens naturally transfers its T-DNA into plant cells, making it an excellent natural vector for creating transgenic plants.
Q.262Medium
Which enzyme is used to synthesize cDNA from mRNA in reverse transcription?
Answer: A
Reverse transcriptase, derived from retroviruses, synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an mRNA template, essential for expressing eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.
Q.263Medium
What is the main advantage of using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in regenerative medicine?
Answer: B
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, meaning they can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into any type of cell in the body, making them valuable for regenerative medicine.
Q.264Medium
In the context of gene therapy for hereditary diseases, what is the significance of using an inert viral vector that has had its pathogenic genes removed?
Answer: B
Modified viral vectors with pathogenic genes removed can efficiently deliver therapeutic genes to target cells while being non-pathogenic and reducing immune rejection.
Q.265Medium
In monoclonal antibody production using hybridoma technology, what is the advantage of fusing B cells with myeloma cells?
Answer: A
Hybridomas combine the antibody-producing capability of B cells with the immortality of myeloma cancer cells, producing monoclonal antibodies of high specificity indefinitely.
Advertisement
Q.266Medium
Which of the following applications of biotechnology can help in detecting antibiotic-resistant bacteria in clinical samples?
Answer: A
DNA microarrays can detect antibiotic resistance genes rapidly by analyzing the genetic profile of bacteria, enabling faster identification compared to traditional culture methods.
Q.267Medium
What is the principle behind the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that allows exponential amplification of specific DNA sequences?
Answer: A
PCR works through repeated cycles of three temperatures: denaturation (95°C), annealing (50-65°C), and extension (72°C), with Taq polymerase extending primers exponentially.
Q.268Medium
What is the primary concern with the application of synthetic biology in creating new organisms?
Answer: B
Synthetic biology raises significant biosafety and biosecurity concerns regarding uncontrolled release of synthetic organisms, potential ecological disruption, and dual-use implications.
Q.269Medium
Which modern sequencing technology allows for real-time monitoring of DNA synthesis, reducing sequencing time and cost?
Answer: C
Nanopore sequencing allows real-time DNA reading as strands pass through nanopores, enabling rapid and cost-effective long-read sequencing without amplification.
Q.270Medium
What is the significance of the Human Genome Project in biotechnology and personalized medicine?
Answer: A
The Human Genome Project provided the complete human genetic blueprint, revolutionizing our understanding of genetic diseases and enabling personalized medicine approaches.
Q.271Medium
In vaccine development using biotechnology, what is the advantage of mRNA vaccines (like those for COVID-19) over traditional inactivated vaccines?
Answer: B
mRNA vaccines can be designed and produced rapidly, manufactured at scale, and trigger robust immune responses without requiring actual pathogenic agents.
Q.272Medium
What is the primary application of AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) in forensic biotechnology?
Answer: B
AFLP generates unique DNA fingerprints by analyzing polymorphic bands through selective amplification and is widely used in forensic identification and paternity testing.
