What is the normal duration of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
Answer: B
The luteal phase typically lasts 12-16 days (average 14 days) and is characterized by relatively constant progesterone production from the corpus luteum.
Q.22Easy
Which intrauterine device (IUD) releases copper ions to prevent fertilization?
Answer: B
Copper T 380A is a non-hormonal IUD that works by releasing copper ions which are spermicidal. Levonorgestrel IUD (Mirena, Skyla) are hormonal IUDs.
Q.23Medium
A woman exhibits symptoms of amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity. What could be the most likely endocrine disorder affecting her reproductive health?
Answer: C
PCOS presents with the triad of amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, hirsutism (due to androgen excess), and obesity. It's the most common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women in India.
Q.24Medium
Which of the following statements about lactation is correct?
Answer: D
Prolactin maintains and sustains milk secretion, while oxytocin causes milk ejection reflex. Frequent suckling increases prolactin levels and maintains lactation.
Q.25Medium
At what level of hCG concentration in serum is an ectopic pregnancy typically detected via ultrasound?
Answer: B
Ectopic pregnancy is typically visible on transvaginal ultrasound when serum hCG levels reach 1000-2000 mIU/mL (discriminatory zone), though this varies.
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Q.26Medium
Which oral contraceptive formulation has the lowest risk of thromboembolic events?
Answer: D
Progestin-only pills (minipills) have minimal thromboembolic risk as they lack estrogen. Combined oral contraceptives carry increasing risk: second-generation < third-generation < drospirenone-containing pills.
Q.27Medium
What is the primary mechanism of action of levonorgestrel emergency contraception?
Answer: B
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception works primarily by inhibiting or delaying ovulation, especially when taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
Q.28Medium
Which of the following is NOT a recognized complication of untreated gonorrhea in females?
Answer: C
While gonorrhea can cause PID, tubal infertility, and Bartholin's abscess/cyst, meningitis is not a typical complication. Meningitis is more associated with meningococcal infection.
Q.29Easy
At what age does the average Indian girl experience menarche?
Answer: B
The average age of menarche in Indian girls is 11-13 years, though it can vary based on nutritional status, genetics, and geographic location.
Q.30Medium
Which sexually transmitted infection is characterized by 'strawberry cervix' appearance?
Answer: B
Trichomonas vaginalis causes a distinctive 'strawberry cervix' appearance with petechial hemorrhages. It also causes frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge.
Q.31Medium
A 35-year-old couple seeks fertility consultation after 3 years of infertility. Which investigation should be performed first?
Answer: B
Semen analysis is the first investigation as it's non-invasive, cost-effective, and male factor infertility accounts for ~40% of cases. It helps establish baseline fertility status.
Q.32Easy
Which hormone shows a surge 24-36 hours before ovulation?
Answer: C
The LH surge 24-36 hours before ovulation triggers the final maturation of the oocyte and weakening of the follicle wall, leading to ovulation.
Q.33Easy
In the context of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), what does ICSI stand for?
Answer: A
ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is used in severe male factor infertility where a single sperm is injected directly into the oocyte cytoplasm.
Q.34Medium
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the rhythm method of contraception?
Answer: A
The rhythm method requires regular menstrual cycles to predict fertile days. It has a typical-use failure rate of 24% and is unreliable with irregular cycles.
Q.35Hard
What is the 'window of implantation' in the endometrium?
Answer: B
The window of implantation occurs 6-10 days after ovulation (days 20-24 of a 28-day cycle) when the endometrium is optimally receptive for blastocyst implantation.
Q.36Medium
Which hormone is responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?
Answer: C
hCG produced by trophoblastic tissue maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy (until ~10-12 weeks), preventing menstruation and ensuring progesterone production.
Q.37Hard
A woman on long-term anticonvulsant therapy wishes to use oral contraceptives. What should be the recommended action?
Answer: B
Anticonvulsants like phenytoin induce hepatic metabolism of contraceptive hormones, reducing efficacy. Higher-dose estrogen pills or alternative methods are recommended.
Q.38Easy
Which vaccine protects against human papillomavirus-related cervical cancer?
Answer: A
HPV vaccines (bivalent Cervarix and quadrivalent/9-valent Gardasil) prevent infection with high-risk HPV types (16, 18, and others) responsible for cervical cancer.
Q.39Medium
What is the typical success rate of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women under 35 years of age in India?
Answer: B
IVF success rates in women <35 years are approximately 25-35% per cycle in India, declining with maternal age. Success depends on ovarian reserve, sperm quality, and laboratory conditions.
Q.40Medium
Which of the following contraceptive methods has the highest Pearl Index (failure rate) in typical use?
Answer: B
Condoms have a Pearl Index of 12-15 in typical use, making them less reliable than IUDs (0.8), pills (9), or sterilization (0.1-0.15).
