The concept of 'Negative Income Tax' has been theoretically advocated by which Indian economist?
Answer: B
Amartya Sen has theoretically engaged with concepts of universal basic income and negative income tax.
Q.42Hard
Which landmark judgment established that Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies) cannot be suspended even during national emergency?
Answer: C
Minerva Mills established that fundamental rights and Article 32 are part of the basic structure and cannot be suspended.
Q.43Hard
Which of the following best describes the doctrine of 'Promissory Estoppel' as applied in Indian administrative law?
Answer: B
The doctrine of promissory estoppel, established through judicial precedent, prevents the government from reneging on its promises when citizens have acted in reliance upon them.
Q.44Hard
In the context of judicial review, the 'ultra vires doctrine' refers to:
Answer: A
Ultra vires means 'beyond the powers.' It refers to administrative actions that exceed the scope of authority granted by law or constitution and can be challenged in courts.
Q.45Hard
Which Supreme Court judgment established the principle that the President's clemency power is not subject to judicial review?
Answer: B
In Epuru Sudhakar's case, the Supreme Court held that while the President's clemency power is discretionary, it can be reviewed on grounds of mala fides or gross abuse of power.
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Q.46Hard
The doctrine of 'Colourable Legislation' in Indian constitutional law refers to:
Answer: B
Colourable legislation refers to laws that disguise their true purpose to evade constitutional limitations. Such laws can be struck down as they violate the spirit of the Constitution.
Q.47Hard
The 'Doctrine of Basic Structure' in Indian constitutional law was established to ensure:
Answer: A
Established in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the doctrine prevents constitutional amendments from destroying the Constitution's basic structure, including democracy, federalism, and judicial review.
Q.48Hard
In the context of administrative law, the principle of 'Proportionality' primarily ensures that:
Answer: C
The principle of Proportionality in administrative law ensures that restrictive measures adopted by an administration are not more than necessary to achieve legitimate aims, balancing individual rights with public interest.
Q.49Hard
Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the appointment of the Lokpal?
Answer: C
Article 363 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment and appointment of the Lokpal. The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provides the statutory framework for this constitutional institution.
Q.50Hard
Consider the following statements about India's renewable energy capacity:
1. India ranks 4th globally in renewable energy capacity
2. Solar energy is the fastest growing renewable sector in India
3. India aims to achieve 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030
Which statement(s) is/are correct?
Answer: C
India ranks 4th in total renewable capacity but aims for 500 GW by 2030. Solar is indeed the fastest growing renewable sector in India.
Q.51Hard
Analyze the relationship between poverty reduction and various government schemes:
If a household benefits from PM-KISAN, Ayushman Bharat, and NREGA simultaneously, which of the following outcomes is MOST LIKELY?
Answer: B
Poverty reduction is multidimensional; combination of income support (PM-KISAN), healthcare (Ayushman Bharat), and employment (NREGA) addresses multiple dimensions.
Q.52Hard
Which of the following is a major challenge in implementing environmental regulations in West Bengal?
Answer: B
West Bengal faces the challenge of maintaining industrial growth while protecting environment in its densely populated regions.
Q.53Hard
Considering sustainable agriculture and rural development, which of the following best represents the integrated approach of modern Indian agricultural policy?
Answer: C
Modern agricultural policy focuses on balancing productivity with sustainability, profitability, and environmental conservation through integrated approaches.
Q.54Hard
Consider the following statements about the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY):
1. It covers both kharif and rabi crops
2. Farmers pay uniform premium across all regions
3. It replaced the earlier Agricultural Insurance Scheme
Which statement(s) is/are correct?
Answer: A
PMFBY covers both kharif and rabi crops and replaced earlier schemes. However, premiums vary by crop, region, and season, not uniform.
Q.55Hard
Which of the following best explains the relationship between the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and rural poverty reduction?
Answer: B
MGNREGA combines immediate income support with creation of durable rural assets like water harvesting structures, reducing poverty holistically.
Q.56Hard
Consider the following about India's Circular Economy Initiative:
1. It aims to reduce waste generation
2. It focuses only on industrial sectors
3. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a key principle
Identify the correct statement(s):
Answer: A
Circular economy aims to reduce waste and EPR is a key principle. However, it applies across sectors—agriculture, manufacturing, services—not just industry.
Q.57Hard
The recently updated Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 classify wetlands into which categories?
Answer: B
The 2017 Rules classify wetlands as Ramsar sites and non-Ramsar sites, with different protection standards for each category.
Q.58Hard
Analyze the role of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) in financial inclusion:
Which statement BEST describes its primary impact?
Answer: B
PMJDY is a comprehensive financial inclusion program providing zero-balance accounts, overdraft facility, life and accident insurance.
Q.59Hard
Consider the following statements about the National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP):
1. It identifies biodiversity hotspots in India
2. It focuses only on marine ecosystems
3. It involves habitat restoration and species conservation
Which statement(s) is/are correct?
Answer: B
NBAP identifies biodiversity hotspots and focuses on both marine and terrestrial ecosystems with habitat restoration and conservation efforts.
Q.60Hard
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding India's National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR)?
Answer: B
NAP-AMR focuses on surveillance, research, and stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance across healthcare and agriculture sectors.
