According to Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory, how many types of intelligences did he initially propose?
Answer: C
Gardner initially proposed 7 intelligences (1983), later expanded to 9 types including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential intelligence.
Q.202Easy
Charles Spearman proposed the concept of 'g' factor in intelligence. What does 'g' represent?
Answer: A
Spearman's 'g' factor (general intelligence) is a single, overarching mental ability that influences performance across various cognitive tasks. He believed all cognitive abilities share a common underlying factor.
Q.203Medium
Robert Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence includes three components. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Answer: D
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory comprises analytical (problem-solving), creative (novel thinking), and practical (real-world application) intelligence. Emotional intelligence is a separate theory by Goleman.
Q.204Medium
According to Vygotsky, the 'Zone of Proximal Development' (ZPD) refers to:
Answer: B
ZPD is the difference between a child's independent problem-solving ability and their potential level with adult scaffolding. This concept emphasizes the importance of guided learning and social interaction in development.
Q.205Medium
Individual differences in learning can be attributed to multiple factors. Which is primarily an ENVIRONMENTAL factor?
Answer: C
Socioeconomic status and parental support are environmental factors that significantly influence learning outcomes. Genetic makeup, brain structure, and temperament are more biologically determined factors.
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Q.206Easy
A student shows high ability in music, dance, and rhythm but struggles with mathematical concepts. This best reflects which type of intelligence in Gardner's theory?
Answer: C
Musical intelligence involves sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, and tones, while bodily-kinesthetic intelligence relates to physical movement and coordination. This student demonstrates strength in these two intelligences.
Q.207Medium
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need must be satisfied BEFORE a child can focus on academic learning?
Answer: C
Maslow proposed that lower-order needs (food, safety, shelter) must be met before higher-order needs (learning, achievement). A hungry or unsafe child cannot concentrate effectively on academics.
Q.208Easy
Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior driven by:
Answer: B
Intrinsic motivation comes from internal factors such as personal interest, curiosity, and satisfaction. Extrinsic motivation involves external rewards or punishments, which are less effective for long-term learning.
Q.209Medium
A student learns mathematics better when the teacher uses visual diagrams and spatial relationships. This preference primarily indicates strength in which intelligence?
Answer: B
Spatial intelligence involves visualization, mental imagery, and understanding spatial relationships. This student benefits from visual-spatial representations in learning, indicating developed spatial intelligence.
Q.210Medium
Which of the following best represents the concept of 'scaffolding' in educational psychology?
Answer: B
Scaffolding, developed by Bruner based on Vygotsky's ideas, involves providing structured support that is gradually withdrawn as students develop competence. It bridges the gap between current and desired performance levels.
Q.211Medium
According to Bandura's Social Learning Theory, children learn through:
Answer: C
Bandura emphasized that learning occurs through observing others' behavior and its consequences. Children imitate models, especially those they perceive as credible or powerful (parents, teachers, peers).
Q.212Easy
Fixed mindset versus Growth mindset theory was developed by:
Answer: A
Carol Dweck developed the growth mindset theory, which distinguishes between viewing abilities as fixed (fixed mindset) versus malleable through effort (growth mindset). Children with growth mindset show greater persistence and achievement.
Q.213Medium
A child who can understand complex social interactions, empathize with others, and lead peer groups effectively likely demonstrates high development in which of Gardner's intelligences?
Answer: B
Interpersonal intelligence involves understanding others' emotions, intentions, and motivations. This student shows strength in social interaction and relationship management, hallmarks of interpersonal intelligence.
Q.214Medium
Which learning theory emphasizes that knowledge is actively constructed by the learner rather than passively received?
Answer: B
Constructivism, supported by theorists like Piaget and von Glasersfeld, posits that learners actively build understanding through experience and interaction. This contrasts with passive reception of knowledge in behaviorist approaches.
Q.215Medium
In Bloom's Taxonomy (revised version), which level represents the highest order of cognitive thinking?
Answer: C
The revised Bloom's Taxonomy (2001) places 'Create' (synthesis) at the highest cognitive level, followed by Evaluate. Creating requires students to generate new ideas and integrate knowledge in novel ways.
Q.216Medium
A student struggles with reading and writing but excels in problem-solving and logical reasoning. Which intelligences are likely stronger in this student according to Gardner?
Answer: B
Strength in problem-solving and logical reasoning indicates developed logical-mathematical intelligence. Spatial intelligence often co-develops and supports these abilities. Linguistic intelligence (reading, writing) appears weaker.
Q.217Medium
Self-efficacy, a key concept in Bandura's theory, refers to:
Answer: B
Self-efficacy is an individual's subjective belief about their capacity to perform successfully. It differs from actual ability and significantly influences motivation, persistence, and achievement outcomes.
Q.218Hard
Which statement best reflects the relationship between intelligence and heredity according to modern educational psychology?
Answer: C
Current consensus recognizes the nature-nurture interaction in intelligence development. Genetic factors set potential range, but environmental enrichment, education, and experiences significantly influence actual intelligence development.
Q.219Hard
According to Vygotsky's theory, language serves which important function in cognitive development?
Answer: B
Vygotsky emphasized that language, particularly private speech, helps children organize their thinking and behavior. Children use self-talk to guide their actions before internalizing thought processes into inner speech.
Q.220Hard
A teacher discovers that praising a student's effort ('You worked hard') rather than their intelligence ('You are smart') leads to better motivation. This aligns with which theory?
Answer: B
Growth Mindset theory emphasizes that praising effort promotes belief in malleability of abilities, leading to greater persistence and achievement. Fixed mindset praise ('you're smart') can discourage effort when challenges arise.
