The 'Wildlife (Protection) Act' was first enacted in India in which year?
Answer: B
The Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in 1972, marking a significant step in India's wildlife conservation efforts.
Q.282Medium
Which state in India has the highest forest cover percentage as per the latest India State of Forest Report (2023)?
Answer: B
Mizoram has the highest forest cover percentage at over 85% of its total geographical area according to the 2023 report.
Q.283Easy
What is the primary objective of the 'Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana' launched in 2016?
Answer: A
PMFBY aims to provide comprehensive insurance coverage to farmers against crop losses due to natural calamities, pests, and diseases.
Q.284Easy
The 'Ramsar Convention' is primarily concerned with the conservation of which resource?
Answer: B
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands and waterbirds.
Q.285Medium
Which ministry is responsible for implementing the 'National Action Plan on Climate Change' in India?
Answer: A
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) oversees the implementation of NAPCC across various sectors.
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Q.286Medium
The 'Green India Mission' aims to increase forest and tree cover by which target area by 2030?
Answer: B
The Green India Mission targets afforestation and tree cover enhancement of 10 million hectares by 2030 to combat climate change.
Q.287Medium
Which of the following is a major environmental concern specific to Gujarat's industrial development?
Answer: B
Gujarat's rapid industrialization, particularly in sectors like textiles, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, has led to significant air and water pollution concerns.
Q.288Hard
The 'Narmada River Waters Dispute Tribunal' judgment was delivered in which year, allocating waters among riparian states?
Answer: A
The Narmada Waters Dispute Tribunal Award was delivered in 1979, setting water allocation quotas for Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra.
Q.289Medium
Which scheme launched by the Gujarat government focuses on water conservation and groundwater management?
Answer: D
The Mukhyamantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyaan is a state-level initiative focused on groundwater conservation and water-harvesting structures in Gujarat.
Q.290Hard
What is the primary focus of the 'Aichi Biodiversity Targets' framework established under the Convention on Biological Diversity?
Answer: B
The Aichi Targets (2011-2020) aimed to halt biodiversity loss and ensure ecosystem resilience and services.
Q.291Easy
Which pollutant is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere?
Answer: B
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere, creating the ozone hole. Their production was phased out under the Montreal Protocol.
Q.292Easy
The 'National Pollution Control Board' operates under the supervision of which ministry?
Answer: B
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
Q.293Hard
Which of the following best explains 'Ecological Footprint'?
Answer: B
Ecological footprint measures the biologically productive area needed to support human activities, including resource consumption and waste absorption.
Q.294Medium
The 'Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT)' scheme in India is primarily designed to improve which sector?
Answer: B
The PAT scheme mandates energy efficiency improvements in large industrial and commercial establishments, allowing trading of excess efficiency credits.
Q.295Medium
Which international agreement specifically addresses the reduction of hazardous waste and its transboundary movements?
Answer: A
The Basel Convention (1989) regulates the transboundary movement and management of hazardous and other wastes.
Q.296Medium
What is the primary environmental issue associated with the textile industry in Gujarat?
Answer: B
Gujarat's textile industry generates significant wastewater containing dyes, chemicals, and heavy metals that contaminate soil and water bodies.
Q.297Medium
Under the 'Forest Rights Act' (2006), what is the primary right granted to forest-dwelling tribal communities?
Answer: B
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act grants tribal communities rights to collect forest produce and cultivate traditional forest lands.
Q.298Hard
Which factor is NOT typically considered in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies for developmental projects?
Answer: C
EIA focuses on environmental and social impacts, not the financial cost to developers. Economic viability is addressed through separate financial analyses.
Q.299Medium
Under the 'Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)', which of the following is a key objective specific to micro-irrigation promotion in Gujarat?
Answer: A
PMKSY's 'Per Drop More Crop' component specifically focuses on micro-irrigation technologies like drip and sprinkler systems to improve water efficiency in agriculture. This is particularly relevant for water-scarce regions like Gujarat.
Q.300Hard
The 'Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)' framework as applied to plastic waste management in India places primary responsibility on which stakeholder?
Answer: B
EPR is a policy approach that places the responsibility for managing the end-of-life of a product on the manufacturer, importer, or producer. This incentivizes them to design products that are easier to recycle and manage waste sustainably, as per India's Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016 (amended 2024).
