Which functional group shows a strong absorption around 1700-1750 cm⁻¹ in IR spectrum?
Answer: C
The C=O stretch of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters) appears characteristically around 1700-1750 cm⁻¹ in IR spectrum.
Q.142Easy
Grignard reagent (RMgX) reacts with water to give:
Answer: C
Grignard reagents are strong nucleophiles and strong bases. They readily abstract a proton from water, producing an alkane (R-H) and magnesium halide salt.
Q.143Medium
The reactivity order of alkyl halides in SN1 reactions is:
Answer: B
SN1 proceeds through carbocation formation. Tertiary carbocations are most stable (hyperconjugation and inductive effects), followed by secondary, then primary.
Q.144Medium
In the addition of HBr to propene, the major product is 2-bromopropane because of:
Answer: B
Markovnikov's rule states that in addition to unsymmetrical alkenes, the hydrogen adds to the carbon with more hydrogen atoms, and the addendum to the carbon with fewer hydrogens, forming the more stable carbocation intermediate.
Q.145Medium
Which of the following will give a positive Tollens test?
Answer: B
Tollens test detects aldehydes. Benzaldehyde contains an aldehyde group (-CHO) and will be oxidized to benzoate ion, giving a positive test (silver mirror).
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Q.146Medium
The rate-determining step in an E1 elimination reaction is:
Answer: B
E1 elimination occurs in two steps: slow carbocation formation followed by fast deprotonation. The carbocation formation is the rate-determining step.
Q.147Medium
In the bromination of toluene with Br2/FeBr3, the major product is:
Answer: C
The methyl group (-CH3) is an alkyl group, which is an electron-donating group that activates the benzene ring and is ortho/para-directing in electrophilic aromatic substitution.
Q.148Medium
Which statement about the aldol condensation is correct?
Answer: B
Aldol condensation produces a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound (aldol) initially, which can further dehydrate under heating to form an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
Q.149Medium
The product formed by the hydroboration-oxidation of 1-butene is:
Answer: A
Hydroboration-oxidation follows anti-Markovnikov's rule with syn addition. The OH adds to the less substituted carbon (primary), giving 1-butanol (butan-1-ol).
Q.150Medium
Identify the compound with molecular formula C6H12 that shows geometrical isomerism:
Answer: B
hex-3-ene (CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3) has different groups on each carbon of the double bond, allowing cis-trans (E-Z) isomerism. Cyclohexane and alkanes have no double bonds, and 2-methylpent-2-ene is not a correct formula for C6H12.
Q.151Medium
When 2-methylpropene reacts with cold dilute KMnO4, the product is:
Answer: B
Cold dilute KMnO4 causes hydroxylation of alkenes to form vicinal diols via syn addition. 2-methylpropene forms 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol (geminal diol arrangement on same carbon after rearrangement).
Q.152Medium
In the oxidation of primary alcohols using K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, the final product is:
Answer: B
K2Cr2O7 in acidic medium is a strong oxidizing agent that oxidizes primary alcohols first to aldehydes, then further oxidizes the aldehyde to carboxylic acids.
Q.153Medium
The stereochemistry of an SN2 reaction is:
Answer: B
SN2 is a one-step bimolecular mechanism where the nucleophile attacks from the back side of the carbon bearing the leaving group, resulting in complete (Walden) inversion of configuration.
Q.154Medium
Which of the following is the correct order of acidity for carboxylic acids?
Answer: A
As alkyl chain length increases, the electron-donating effect of the alkyl group increases, destabilizing the conjugate base carboxylate ion. Thus, formic acid (no alkyl group) is most acidic.
Q.155Medium
In the reaction of acetylene with HgSO4/H2SO4, the product is:
Answer: A
This is the hydration of alkynes using Hg2+ catalyst. Acetylene (HC≡CH) undergoes hydration to form acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) via enol intermediate, which tautomerizes.
Q.156Medium
The Wittig reaction converts a carbonyl compound into:
Answer: B
The Wittig reaction uses a phosphonium ylide to convert carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) to alkenes. It's valuable for forming C=C double bonds with defined positions.
Q.157Easy
In the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with alkyl halides, the catalyst used is:
Answer: B
AlCl3 is the standard Lewis acid catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation. It activates the alkyl halide to form a carbocation, which then attacks the aromatic ring.
Q.158Hard
Which of the following compounds will show optical isomerism?
Answer: C
2-bromobutane (CH3CHBrCH2CH3) has a carbon with four different groups attached, making it chiral. The bromine-bearing carbon is a stereocenter.
Q.159Hard
The decarboxylation of malonic acid derivatives proceeds through:
Answer: B
Malonic acid derivatives (with two electron-withdrawing groups) undergo decarboxylation through a cyclic transition state mechanism, facilitated by the stabilization of the resulting carbanion by the remaining electron-withdrawing group.
Q.160Hard
In the crossed Cannizzaro reaction, the aldehyde that acts as both reducing and oxidizing agent is:
Answer: B
Formaldehyde is the only aldehyde without an α-hydrogen, so it undergoes the Cannizzaro reaction where it acts as both oxidizing and reducing agent, forming formate and methanol.
