A wave travels with a velocity of 300 m/s and has a frequency of 150 Hz. What is its wavelength?
A 2 m B 4 m C 0.5 m D 6 m
Using v = fλ, where v = 300 m/s and f = 150 Hz, λ = v/f = 150 300
Which of the following is a characteristic of transverse waves?
A Particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation B Particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation C No energy is transferred D They can only travel through solids
In transverse waves, particle oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, such as in electromagnetic waves and ripples on water
A sound wave with frequency 500 Hz travels through air (speed = 330 m/s) and then enters water (speed = 1500 m/s). What happens to the wavelength?
A Decreases B Increases C Remains the same D Becomes zero
Frequency remains constant during refraction. λ = v/f. Since speed increases from 330 to 1500 m/s, wavelength increases proportionally
Two waves of the same frequency interfere constructively. The resultant amplitude is:
A The difference of individual amplitudes B The sum of individual amplitudes C Zero D Equal to one of the amplitudes
In constructive interference, phase difference is 0° or 2πn. Resultant amplitude = A₁ + A₂
A stationary observer hears a sound from an approaching source. The observed frequency is:
A Less than the actual frequency B Greater than the actual frequency C Equal to the actual frequency D Zero
Doppler effect: When source approaches observer, f' = f(v)/(v-vs), which is greater than f
A string of length L is fixed at both ends. The fundamental frequency is f₁. What is the frequency of the second harmonic?
A f₁ B 2f₁ C 3f₁ D f₁/2
For a string fixed at both ends, fₙ = nf₁ where n is the harmonic number. Second harmonic (n=2) has f₂ = 2f₁
When two coherent light sources interfere, the condition for destructive interference is:
A Path difference = nλ B Path difference = (n+2 1 C Path difference = n/2 × λ D Path difference = λ²
For destructive interference, the path difference must be odd multiples of λ/2: (2n+1)λ/2 or (n+2 1
A wave equation is given as y = 5sin(2πx/4 - 2πt/2). The amplitude and frequency are:
A Amplitude = 5 m, Frequency = 1 Hz B Amplitude = 5 m, Frequency = 2 Hz C Amplitude = 10 m, Frequency = 1 Hz D Amplitude = 5 m, Frequency = 0.5 Hz
From y = Asin(2πx/λ - 2πt/T), A = 5 m, and f = 1/T = 2 1
Standing waves are formed when:
A Two waves of different frequencies travel in the same direction B Two waves of the same frequency travel in opposite directions C A single wave is reflected D Waves refract through a medium
Standing waves result from the superposition of two coherent waves traveling in opposite directions with the same frequency
The intensity of a sound wave is I. If the amplitude is doubled and frequency is halved, the new intensity will be:
A I B 2I C 4I D I/2
Intensity ∝ A²f². New intensity = (2A)² × (f/2)² × I/(A²f²) = 4 × (4 1
A pipe closed at one end and open at the other has a length of 0.5 m. The fundamental frequency is (speed of sound = 340 m/s):
A 170 Hz B 340 Hz C 85 Hz D 680 Hz
For closed pipe, f₁ = v/(4L) = 340/(4×0.5) = 2 340
Two sources of sound have intensities I₁ and I₂. The ratio of their amplitudes is:
A √(I₁/I₂) B I₁/I₂ C (I₁/I₂)² D I₁² + I₂²
Since I ∝ A², the ratio A₁/A₂ = √(I₁/I₂)
When a wave reflects from a denser medium, the phase change is:
A 0° B 90° C 180° D 270°
Upon reflection from a denser medium (fixed end), there is a phase change of π radians or 180°
A transverse wave on a string has amplitude A, wavelength λ, and speed v. The maximum velocity of a particle is:
A v B 2πAv/λ C Av/λ D A/v
Maximum particle velocity = ωA = 2πfA = 2πA(v/λ) = 2πAv/λ
In Young's double slit experiment, if the distance between slits is d, distance to screen is D, and wavelength is λ, the fringe width is:
A λd/D B λD/d C dD/λ D λ/dD
Fringe width β = λD/d, where D is the distance to the screen and d is the slit separation
A progressive wave y = 10sin(100πt - 0.01πx) cm is given. The wavelength is:
A 100 cm B 200 cm C 50 cm D 400 cm
Comparing with y = Asin(2πft - 2πx/λ), we have 2π/λ = 0.01π, so λ = 200 cm
The velocity of a transverse wave on a string depends on:
A Only frequency B Only tension and mass per unit length C Only amplitude D Frequency and wavelength only
Wave velocity v = √(T/μ), where T is tension and μ is mass per unit length. It is independent of frequency and amplitude
When a longitudinal wave travels through a medium, particles undergo:
A Transverse oscillation only B Longitudinal oscillation only C Circular motion D Random motion
In longitudinal waves, particles oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation, creating compressions and rarefactions
In a resonance tube experiment, the first resonance length is l₁ and second is l₂. The end correction is approximately:
A (l₂ - l₁)/2 B (l₂ - l₁)/3 C (l₂ + l₁)/2 D l₂ - l₁
For successive resonances in a resonance tube, l₂ - l₁ = λ/2, and end correction e ≈ (l₂ - l₁)/2 = λ/4
Two waves with intensities 4I and I interfere. The maximum intensity is:
A 5I B 9I C 4I D (√5 + 1)I
I_max = (√I₁ + √I₂)² = (√(4I) + √I)² = (2√I + √I)² = (3√I)² = 9I
