The prothallus in ferns represents which generation?
Answer: B
The prothallus is the free-living, independent, heart-shaped gametophytic generation in ferns that produces archegonia and antheridia.
Q.22Easy
The ovule develops from which tissue of the plant?
Answer: B
The ovule arises as an outgrowth from the placenta (megasporophyll) and projects into the ovary cavity.
Q.23Easy
A student finds a plant with the following characteristics: archegonia present, independent gametophyte, no true roots. This plant belongs to:
Answer: A
Presence of archegonia, independent dominant gametophyte, and absence of true roots are distinctive features of bryophytes including mosses and liverworts.
Q.24Easy
In ferns, the arrangement of sporangia on the underside of fronds in clusters is called:
Answer: A
A sorus (plural: sori) is a cluster of sporangia arranged on the abaxial surface of fern leaves, often covered by an indusium for protection.
Q.25Easy
Which of the following characteristics is unique to bryophytes among all plants?
Answer: B
Bryophytes have a dominant gametophytic generation with a dependent sporophytic generation, unlike other plant groups where the sporophyte is dominant.
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Q.26Easy
In pteridophytes, the rhizoid structure serves the same function as _______ in higher plants.
Answer: C
Rhizoids in pteridophytes are hair-like structures that absorb water and minerals, functioning similarly to roots in higher plants.
Q.27Easy
Which of the following is the main evolutionary advantage of the flower in angiosperms?
Answer: B
Flowers attract pollinators through various mechanisms (color, scent, nectar) and provide protection to reproductive organs, making sexual reproduction more efficient compared to gymnosperms.
Q.28Easy
Which of the following characteristics is unique to gymnosperms compared to both angiosperms and pteridophytes?
Answer: B
Gymnosperms are characterized by naked ovules that are not enclosed within an ovary wall. This distinguishes them from angiosperms (which have ovules in ovaries) and pteridophytes (which lack seeds). The term 'gymnosperm' literally means 'naked seed'.
Q.29Easy
Which tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves?
Answer: A
Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and mineral nutrients from roots to aerial parts of the plant.
Q.30Easy
The cork tissue in plants is derived from which meristematic tissue?
Answer: C
Cork tissue (phellem) is produced outward by the cork cambium (phellogen), which is a lateral meristem.
Q.31Easy
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of monocot stems?
Answer: A
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles throughout the ground tissue, unlike dicots which have ring-arranged bundles.
Q.32Easy
The primary function of stomata is:
Answer: B
Stomata are pores in the leaf epidermis that regulate gas exchange (CO2 intake, O2 release) and transpiration.
Q.33Easy
Which cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?
Answer: B
Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that change shape to open or close the stomatal pore.
Q.34Easy
Which of the following cells in the phloem tissue is enucleate (lacks a nucleus)?
Answer: A
Sieve tube elements are enucleate at maturity, losing their nucleus to facilitate the flow of photosynthates. Companion cells remain nucleate and control sieve tube metabolism.
Q.35Easy
In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a pattern that is
Answer: A
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles distributed throughout the ground tissue, whereas dicot stems have bundles arranged in a ring.
Q.36Easy
The endodermis in roots is characterized by the presence of
Answer: A
The endodermis contains Casparian strips—bands of suberin and lignin that prevent lateral movement of water and minerals, forcing them through the cell.
Q.37Easy
Which tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to shoots?
Answer: B
Xylem transports water and minerals (inorganic nutrients) from roots to all parts of the plant in an upward direction.
Q.38Easy
The middle lamella in plant cell walls is primarily composed of
Answer: B
The middle lamella is composed mainly of pectin and calcium pectate, which acts as a cement holding adjacent cells together.
Q.39Easy
Which of the following tissues is responsible for the transportation of water and minerals in plants?
Answer: A
Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to shoots through tracheids and vessels.
Q.40Easy
In a dicot stem, the arrangement of vascular bundles is:
Answer: B
Dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a ring or eustele pattern, whereas monocots have scattered bundles.
