Which structure in bryophytes prevents water loss?
Answer: B
Bryophytes have a waxy cuticle that reduces water loss, though it's not as effective as in higher plants due to absence of stomata.
Q.2Medium
The spore-bearing structure in Riccia (a liverwort) is called:
Answer: C
In bryophytes like Riccia, the capsule is the sporophyte that produces spores. It remains embedded in the gametophyte.
Q.3Medium
Pteridophytes first acquired which adaptation for terrestrial life?
Answer: B
Pteridophytes were the first plants to develop true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), allowing them to grow taller and transport water efficiently.
Q.4Medium
In ferns, the photosynthetically active independent structure is:
Answer: B
The prothallus is the gametophyte of ferns - a small, green, heart-shaped structure that is photosynthetically active and independent.
Q.5Medium
Which of the following is a seedless vascular plant?
Answer: B
Selaginella is a pteridophyte - it has vascular tissue but reproduces via spores, not seeds. Pinus is a gymnosperm with seeds.
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Q.6Medium
The male gametophyte in gymnosperms is represented by:
Answer: A
In gymnosperms, the pollen grain is the male gametophyte. It contains generative and vegetative nuclei before pollination.
Q.7Medium
Which gymnosperms have motile sperms?
Answer: D
Cycas and Ginkgo retain the primitive character of motile sperms, while other gymnosperms like Pinus have non-motile sperm.
Q.8Medium
The female gametophyte in angiosperms is:
Answer: B
The embryo sac represents the female gametophyte in angiosperms, typically containing 8 nuclei in a 7-celled structure (Polygonum type).
Q.9Medium
Phloem tissue in angiosperms is characterized by the presence of:
Answer: B
Sieve tube elements and companion cells are the conducting and supporting elements of phloem tissue in angiosperms for translocation of organic solutes.
Q.10Medium
Which characteristic makes ferns evolutionarily advanced compared to mosses?
Answer: B
Ferns possess true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and have a dominant independent sporophyte generation, making them more advanced than bryophytes.
Q.11Medium
Megasporophyll in plants is homologous to:
Answer: B
Megasporophyll is the structure bearing megasporangia; in angiosperms, it corresponds to the carpel which produces megaspores.
Q.12Medium
The vascular tissue in pteridophytes consists of:
Answer: C
Pteridophytes possess both xylem (for water conduction) and phloem (for nutrient transport), but lack the specialized sieve tubes and companion cells found in angiosperms.
Q.13Medium
Cycas belongs to which group of gymnosperms?
Answer: B
Cycas is a cycad and belongs to the order Cycadales, which are living fossils representing ancient gymnosperms.
Q.14Medium
The pollen grain in gymnosperms represents:
Answer: C
The pollen grain is the immature male gametophyte that further develops after pollination to form the mature male gametophyte.
Q.15Medium
A botanical embryo sac in angiosperms typically contains:
Answer: B
The mature female gametophyte (embryo sac) in angiosperms is typically 7-celled with an egg apparatus (1 egg + 2 synergids) and 3 antipodal cells.
Q.16Medium
Which of the following statements about anther development is correct?
Answer: A
Anthers develop from microsporophylls (stamens) and contain four pollen sacs (microsporangia) where microspores develop into pollen grains.
Q.17Medium
Pollination by wind in angiosperms is associated with:
Answer: B
Wind-pollinated flowers are typically small, inconspicuous, and produce copious amounts of light, dry pollen that can be easily dispersed by wind.
Q.18Medium
The integument in an ovule becomes:
Answer: A
The integument (outer layer of ovule) develops into the testa (seed coat) after fertilization, protecting the developing embryo.
Q.19Medium
Endosperm in angiosperms is primarily concerned with:
Answer: B
Endosperm is a nutritive tissue produced by triple fusion nuclei, stores nutrients (starch, protein, oils) and nourishes the developing embryo during seed maturation and germination.
Q.20Medium
In angiosperms, the nucellus of the ovule is primarily derived from which tissue?
Answer: D
The nucellus is the megasporangium of the ovule and represents the tissue where megasporogenesis occurs.
