Which law states that factors (alleles) segregate during gamete formation?
Answer: B
Mendel's Law of Segregation describes how alleles separate during meiosis, resulting in each gamete receiving only one allele for each gene.
Q.102Easy
A test cross involves crossing an organism with a dominant phenotype with a _______ individual.
Answer: C
A test cross pairs an individual showing the dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the genotype of the dominant phenotype.
Q.103Easy
Which of the following is the primary source of energy for all ecosystems?
Answer: A
Solar radiation is the ultimate source of energy for all ecosystems. Plants capture this energy through photosynthesis, which forms the base of all food chains.
Q.104Easy
What is the approximate percentage of solar energy fixed by plants during photosynthesis?
Answer: A
Only 1-5% of incident solar radiation is actually fixed by plants through photosynthesis. The rest is either reflected or absorbed as heat.
Q.105Easy
Which type of succession occurs on bare rock or newly formed volcanic islands?
Answer: B
Primary succession occurs on areas with no pre-existing soil, such as bare rock or new volcanic islands. Pioneer species like lichens initiate the process.
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Q.106Easy
Which organism is considered a pioneer species in primary succession?
Answer: B
Lichens are classic pioneer species in primary succession as they can colonize bare rock, secrete acids to break it down, and create conditions for soil formation.
Q.107Easy
Which of the following biomes receives the least amount of rainfall annually?
Answer: C
Deserts receive less than 25 cm (10 inches) of rainfall annually, making them the driest biomes on Earth.
Q.108Easy
Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource?
Answer: C
Solar energy is a renewable resource that can be naturally replenished. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are non-renewable fossil fuels.
Q.109Easy
Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect and climate change?
Answer: C
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming, accounting for about 75% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.
Q.110Easy
A predator-prey relationship demonstrates which type of ecological interaction?
Answer: D
Predation is an ecological interaction where one organism (predator) hunts and consumes another (prey) for energy and nutrients.
Q.111Easy
Which of the following is the most commonly used vector for plant genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the natural genetic engineer of plants. Its Ti plasmid is widely used for transferring foreign DNA into plant cells.
Q.112Easy
What is the full form of ELISA in the context of plant biotechnology?
Answer: A
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) is a technique used to detect pathogens and transgenes in plants.
Q.113Easy
Bt cotton is transgenic cotton resistant to which pest?
Answer: B
Bt cotton produces Cry1Ac protein from Bacillus thuringiensis that provides resistance against the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera).
Q.114Easy
Which enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences during genetic engineering?
Answer: B
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) recognize and cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences, essential for cloning.
Q.115Easy
What is the role of selectable markers in plant genetic engineering?
Answer: A
Selectable markers (like antibiotic resistance genes) help identify and select successfully transformed plant cells from non-transformed ones.
Q.116Easy
Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified crop approved in India as of 2024?
Answer: B
Bt Cotton is the only GM crop commercially cultivated and approved in India since 2002, with extensive adoption across states.
