A student observes a plant with naked ovules and resinous cones. Which division should this plant be classified under?
Answer: C
Naked ovules (not enclosed in ovary) and cone formation are characteristic features of gymnosperms. Angiosperms have ovules enclosed in the ovary.
Q.62Easy
The prothallus in ferns represents which generation?
Answer: B
The prothallus is the free-living, independent, heart-shaped gametophytic generation in ferns that produces archegonia and antheridia.
Q.63Medium
Which of the following statements about double fertilization in angiosperms is correct?
Answer: B
In double fertilization, one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus to form diploid zygote (embryo), while the second sperm fuses with the two polar nuclei to form triploid endosperm.
Q.64Medium
The integument in a gymnosperm ovule develops into which structure?
Answer: B
The integument of the ovule develops into the seed coat (testa), which protects the embryo and endosperm in seeds of both gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Q.65Medium
A botanist finds a plant with the following features: vascular bundles arranged in a ring, presence of cork cambium, and woody stem. This is likely a:
Answer: B
Ring arrangement of vascular bundles, cork cambium, and secondary growth are characteristics of dicot gymnosperms like Pinus and Cedrus.
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Q.66Medium
Which of the following is the correct sequence of sporophyte development in angiosperms?
Answer: B
After fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitosis to form suspensor and embryo proper, which together develop into a seedling after germination.
Q.67Hard
Rhynia and Cooksonia are considered primitive land plants. Their fossils are found in which geological period?
Answer: B
Rhynia and Cooksonia fossils are from the Silurian period, representing early vascular plants with primitive conducting tissues.
Q.68Medium
In a typical angiosperm flower, the number of nucellate cells in the ovule is:
Answer: B
The nucellus is a multi-cellular tissue surrounding the embryo sac that provides nutrition to the developing female gametophyte.
Q.69Medium
Which plant group shows a transition from water to land by developing a cuticle and stomata?
Answer: B
Bryophytes were the first plants to develop adaptations for land, including a cuticle (though thin) and stomata for gas exchange, though some bryophytes retain both.
Q.70Hard
The phenomenon of polyembryony in angiosperms can result from which of the following?
Answer: B
Polyembryony occurs through apomixis (asexual reproduction) and cleavage polyembryony where the embryo sac or embryo divides to form multiple embryos.
Q.71Easy
The ovule develops from which tissue of the plant?
Answer: B
The ovule arises as an outgrowth from the placenta (megasporophyll) and projects into the ovary cavity.
Q.72Medium
In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte at maturity contains:
Answer: C
The mature male gametophyte (pollen grain) in gymnosperms contains two sperm cells (after mitosis of generative cell) and one tube cell.
Q.73Medium
Which of the following is characteristic of the embryo sac in angiosperms?
Answer: A
The typical angiosperm embryo sac (Polygonum type) is 7-celled and 8-nucleate consisting of egg apparatus, central cell, and synergid cells.
Q.74Hard
The phenomenon where the endosperm provides nutrition to the developing embryo is called:
Answer: D
As the endosperm develops and stores nutrients, the nucellus degenerates, allowing the endosperm to provide nutrition directly to the embryo through absorptive cells.
Q.75Easy
A student finds a plant with the following characteristics: archegonia present, independent gametophyte, no true roots. This plant belongs to:
Answer: A
Presence of archegonia, independent dominant gametophyte, and absence of true roots are distinctive features of bryophytes including mosses and liverworts.
Q.76Easy
In ferns, the arrangement of sporangia on the underside of fronds in clusters is called:
Answer: A
A sorus (plural: sori) is a cluster of sporangia arranged on the abaxial surface of fern leaves, often covered by an indusium for protection.
Q.77Medium
The endosperm in angiosperms is triploid because:
Answer: B
The central cell of the female gametophyte contains two polar nuclei (2n total). When one sperm nucleus (n) fuses with this central cell, the resulting endosperm is triploid (3n).
Q.78Easy
Which of the following characteristics is unique to bryophytes among all plants?
Answer: B
Bryophytes have a dominant gametophytic generation with a dependent sporophytic generation, unlike other plant groups where the sporophyte is dominant.
Q.79Easy
In pteridophytes, the rhizoid structure serves the same function as _______ in higher plants.
Answer: C
Rhizoids in pteridophytes are hair-like structures that absorb water and minerals, functioning similarly to roots in higher plants.
Q.80Medium
Which tissue in gymnosperms provides mechanical support and conducts water without the presence of vessels?
Answer: B
Gymnosperms lack true vessels and rely on tracheids for water conduction and mechanical support in the xylem.
