Which tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves?
Answer: A
Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and mineral nutrients from roots to aerial parts of the plant.
Q.2Easy
The cork tissue in plants is derived from which meristematic tissue?
Answer: C
Cork tissue (phellem) is produced outward by the cork cambium (phellogen), which is a lateral meristem.
Q.3Easy
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of monocot stems?
Answer: A
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles throughout the ground tissue, unlike dicots which have ring-arranged bundles.
Q.4Easy
The primary function of stomata is:
Answer: B
Stomata are pores in the leaf epidermis that regulate gas exchange (CO2 intake, O2 release) and transpiration.
Q.5Easy
Which cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?
Answer: B
Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that change shape to open or close the stomatal pore.
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Q.6Medium
The tissue present between the upper and lower epidermis of a dicot leaf is:
Answer: B
Mesophyll tissue consists of palisade and spongy parenchyma and is located between the two epidermal layers.
Q.7Medium
In a dicot root, the vascular bundle arrangement is:
Answer: B
Dicot roots show radial arrangement of vascular bundles with xylem rays alternating with phloem strands.
Q.8Medium
The endodermis in roots is characterized by the presence of:
Answer: A
Casparian strips are bands of suberin deposited on the radial and transverse walls of endodermal cells, preventing lateral water movement.
Q.9Medium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the epidermis?
Answer: B
The epidermis is primarily protective and regulatory; photosynthesis is the function of mesophyll cells in the leaf.
Q.10Medium
The pericycle is primarily involved in:
Answer: B
The pericycle, a layer of parenchyma cells inside the endodermis, initiates the formation of lateral roots.
Q.11Medium
Secondary growth in plants results in the formation of:
Answer: B
Secondary growth, mediated by vascular cambium, produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark).
Q.12Medium
In a three-year-old dicot stem, the annual rings are formed due to:
Answer: A
Annual rings result from the difference in growth rate between spring wood (lighter) and autumn wood (darker) formed by secondary xylem.
Q.13Medium
The tissue that forms a protective layer in older stems and replaces the epidermis is:
Answer: B
Periderm, consisting of cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm, replaces the epidermis in older stems.
Q.14Hard
Which anatomical adaptation helps hydrophytes (aquatic plants) to float?
Answer: B
Aerenchyma tissue with large intercellular air spaces provides buoyancy to aquatic plants.
Q.15Hard
In xerophytes, which anatomical feature reduces water loss?
Answer: B
Xerophytes have sunken stomata (reducing direct exposure) and thick, waxy cuticles to minimize transpiration.
Q.16Hard
The vascular cambium originates from:
Answer: B
Vascular cambium is derived from residual procambium (between primary xylem and phloem) and adjacent ground meristem cells.
Q.17Hard
Companion cells in phloem are directly associated with:
Answer: B
Companion cells are parenchymatous cells attached to sieve tube elements, providing metabolic support for phloem transport.
Q.18Hard
The radial vascular bundles present in monocot roots are characteristic because:
Answer: B
Monocot roots display radial vascular bundles where xylem and phloem alternate in a radial pattern from the center.
Q.19Hard
The phenomenon of wood formation includes which of the following processes?
Answer: B
Wood is formed by secondary xylem, and annual rings result from seasonal variation in secondary xylem formation.
Q.20Easy
Which of the following cells in the phloem tissue is enucleate (lacks a nucleus)?
Answer: A
Sieve tube elements are enucleate at maturity, losing their nucleus to facilitate the flow of photosynthates. Companion cells remain nucleate and control sieve tube metabolism.
