Python Programming - MCQ Practice Questions

The function greet() has a default parameter msg='Hello'. When called as greet('Alice'), msg takes its default value 'Hello', producing 'Hello, Alice!'. When called as greet('Bob', 'Hi'), msg is overridden to 'Hi', producing 'Hi, Bob!'. So the output is:

Hello, Alice!

Hi, Bob!

*args collects positional arguments into a tuple. Here, 1, 2, 3 are positional, so args = (1, 2, 3) and len(args) = 3. **kwargs collects keyword arguments into a dictionary. Here, a=4, b=5 are keyword arguments, so kwargs = {'a': 4, 'b': 5} and len(kwargs) = 2. The output is 3 2.

A lambda function in Python is an anonymous function defined with the lambda keyword. It can accept multiple arguments but its body can only be a single expression (not multiple statements). It does not use a return statement; the expression is implicitly returned. Lambda functions can also be used inline without assigning to a variable.

The nonlocal keyword allows the inner function to modify the variable x from the enclosing (outer) function's scope. Initially x = 10. After inner() runs, x becomes 10 + 5 = 15. outer() then returns 15, so the output is 15.

__init__.py marks a directory as a Python package, making it importable. When a package is imported, Python executes __init__.py. It can be empty or contain initialization code, define __all__ to control exports, or import submodules. Without it (in Python 2 and some Python 3 contexts), the directory would not be recognized as a package.

In Python, functions are first-class objects. Assigning result = add makes result reference the same function object as add. Calling result(3, 4) is identical to calling add(3, 4), which returns 3 + 4 = 7. So the output is 7.

The correct syntax to import a specific name from a module is: from module_name import name. So from math import sqrt imports only the sqrt function into the current namespace, allowing it to be used directly as sqrt() without the math. prefix. The other options are syntactically incorrect.

counter() returns the inner function increment, which is a closure that retains access to the count variable in the enclosing scope. Each call to c() increments count by 1 and returns the new value. First call: count becomes 1, returns 1. Second call: count becomes 2, returns 2. Third call: count becomes 3, returns 3. Output: 1, 2, 3.

math.floor(4.7) returns the largest integer less than or equal to 4.7, which is 4. math.ceil(4.2) returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to 4.2, which is 5. The module is aliased as m using import math as m. So the output is:

4

5

The apply() function takes a function and a value as arguments and returns func(value). A lambda function lambda x: x 2 is passed as func and 5 as value. Inside apply(), func(5) evaluates to 5 2 = 25. The result is 25, which is printed.