Govt Exams
In unexplained infertility, IVF allows multiple sperm-egg interactions and can overcome subtle defects in gamete interaction that cannot be detected by standard testing.
Cystic fibrosis typically results in congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens (CBAVD), leading to azoospermia with normal seminal fluid parameters (obstructive azoospermia).
IVF is the gold standard for endometriosis-related infertility as it bypasses tubal and peritoneal factors. IUI has lower success rates in endometriosis. GIFT is rarely used now.
Elevated basal FSH (>10 IU/L on day 3) indicates reduced ovarian reserve, meaning fewer eggs remain in the ovaries, affecting fertility prognosis.
Multiple cesarean deliveries increase the risk of abnormal placentation, including placenta accreta, where placental villi invade the myometrium, leading to hemorrhage.
Oocytes arrest in prophase I during fetal development and remain in this arrested state (dictyotene). First meiotic division completes just before ovulation, producing secondary oocyte and polar body.
Low testosterone with erectile dysfunction requires assessment of LH and FSH. If LH/FSH are low, it indicates secondary hypogonadism (pituitary/hypothalamic origin).
GnRH agonists cause initial stimulation followed by desensitization, suppressing endogenous LH and FSH to prevent premature ovulation during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
HSG is the first-line radiological investigation for assessing tubal patency and uterine cavity in suspected secondary infertility after normal male factor evaluation.
Elevated FSH with irregular cycles indicates diminished ovarian reserve characteristic of POI. PCOS typically shows normal or low FSH with hyperandrogenism.