Entrance Exams
Govt. Exams
Ni²⁺ with strong field CN⁻ ligands shows diamagnetism (d⁸ with all paired electrons) in square planar geometry (dsp² hybridization).
B₂H₆ has a bridged structure with 3D geometry, not planar. It contains bridging hydrogens forming 3-center-2-electron bonds.
Pd²⁺ is d⁸ with strong field preference. It forms square planar geometry with Cl⁻ (weak field ligand) due to crystal field stabilization.
Ksp = [Ag⁺][Cl⁻] = 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰. With [Cl⁻] = 0.1 M, [Ag⁺] = Ksp/[Cl⁻] = 1.8 × 10⁻¹⁰/0.1 = 1.8 × 10⁻⁹ M
Europium (Eu) has atomic number 63 and configuration [Xe]4f⁷6s², with a half-filled f-orbital making it particularly stable.
Co²⁺ is d⁷. Water is a weak field ligand with small Δ, resulting in high spin configuration (t₂g⁵ eg²) with 4 unpaired electrons.
Fe²⁺ has 4 unpaired electrons (d⁶ configuration). Magnetic moment = √[n(n+2)] = √[4×6] = 4.90 BM
Positive E° means Fe³⁺ is easily reduced and Fe²⁺ is easily oxidized. Fe³⁺ is a strong oxidizing agent relative to Fe²⁺.
Borax is a complex borate with formula Na₂B₄O₅(OH)₄·8H₂O, containing both triangular BO₃ and tetrahedral BO₄ units.
Fe₀.₉₅O is a non-stoichiometric compound with variable composition. It contains both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions due to defects in crystal structure.