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Reverse transcriptase, derived from retroviruses, synthesizes complementary DNA (cDNA) from an mRNA template, essential for expressing eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens naturally transfers its T-DNA into plant cells, making it an excellent natural vector for creating transgenic plants.
DNA fingerprinting uses variable DNA regions to create unique profiles for identification in forensics, paternity testing, and population studies.
Recombinant human insulin produced through genetic engineering is a major medical biotechnology application, revolutionizing diabetes treatment.
Selectable marker genes (like antibiotic resistance genes) allow researchers to identify and select only those cells that have successfully incorporated the recombinant plasmid.
Bt Cotton is the most extensively cultivated GM crop in India since its introduction in 2002, covering millions of hectares across multiple states.
CRISPR-Cas9 is faster, cheaper, and more precise than traditional gene editing methods like zinc finger nucleases or TALENs.
Southern blotting uses labeled probes to identify specific DNA sequences in clones, allowing isolation of desired clones from genomic libraries.
Golden Rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene (provitamin A), addressing vitamin A deficiency in developing countries.
With abundant resources and low initial population density, the deer population exhibits exponential growth (J-shaped curve). The carrying capacity has not yet been reached as numbers are still increasing rapidly without stabilization.