Entrance Exams
Govt. Exams
Article 32 provides for writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition, and Quo Warranto.
Specific Performance is an equitable remedy available under civil law but not as a constitutional writ remedy under Article 32.
Article 312 empowers Parliament to create new All-India Services by a two-thirds majority resolution in the Rajya Sabha during a National Emergency or with the consent of states in normal circumstances.
This allows flexibility in creating services like IAS, IPS without constitutional amendment.
Article 245 deals with territorial extent of laws, Article 309 with service conditions, and Article 320 with the Union Public Service Commission.
The 42nd Amendment (1976) made several significant changes including adding 'Secular' and 'Socialist' to the Preamble, expanded DPSP, and made other changes.
However, the anti-defection law was introduced through the 52nd Amendment Act (1985), not the 42nd Amendment.
The voting age was reduced from 21 to 18 years through the 61st Amendment (1989).
Article 356 deals with the proclamation of President's Rule when the President is satisfied that the machinery of government in a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.
Under this article, the President can recommend the dissolution of the State Legislative Assembly.
Article 357 deals with the effects of proclamation, Article 358 with suspension of fundamental rights during National Emergency, and Article 359 with suspension of the enforcement of rights.
The 44th Amendment Act (1978) limited the duration of National Emergency. A proclamation of National Emergency can be revoked and re-declared, but theoretically, there is no absolute constitutional limit on total duration if it is continuously approved by Parliament.
Option A is correct per the 44th Amendment (written advice required).
Option B is correct per Article 352(4).
Option C is correct per Article 353.
Option D is the incorrect statement as there is no such three-period limit mentioned in the Constitution.
1. It provides for a three-tier Panchayati Raj system in states with population above 20 lakhs
2. It made Panchayat elections mandatory every five years
3. It reserves seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
All three statements are correct.
The 73rd Amendment Act (1992) introduced the Constitutional framework for Panchayati Raj.
It provides for a three-tier system in states with population above 20 lakhs (Article 243C).
It mandates regular elections every five years (Article 243E) and reserves seats for SCs and STs proportionate to their population (Article 243D).
Article 85(2)(b) empowers the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
The President exercises this power on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Article 84 deals with qualifications for the President, Article 75 with the PM and Council of Ministers, and Article 52 with the President's existence.
Article 81 of the Constitution specifies that the Lok Sabha shall consist of not more than 550 members.
Currently, the Lok Sabha has 543 elected members plus 2 nominated members from the Anglo-Indian community (as per Article 331), totaling 545.
Article 51 of the Constitution specifically deals with the promotion of international peace and security.
It requires the State to endeavor to promote international peace and security, foster respect for international law, and maintain just and honorable relations between nations.
Article 15(3) allows the State to make special provisions for women and children.
Additionally, certain personal law matters related to adoption and guardianship are excluded from Article 15's purview.
Option B is covered by Article 15(4) for backward classes, Option C is not permitted, and Option D is covered by Article 16(3) regarding employment.