Entrance Exams
Govt. Exams
LH acts on Leydig cells in the testes to stimulate testosterone synthesis and secretion. Low LH indicates secondary hypogonadism.
The LNG-IUD releases levonorgestrel directly into the uterine cavity, causing endometrial atrophy and thickened cervical mucus, with effectiveness lasting 3-7 years.
Elevated basal FSH (>10 IU/L on day 3) indicates reduced ovarian reserve, meaning fewer eggs remain in the ovaries, affecting fertility prognosis.
Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis (morphological changes) to transform into mature spermatozoa. This is the final stage of spermatogenesis.
CMV is the most common congenital infection, affecting 0.5-1% of live births and causing microcephaly, hearing loss, and developmental delays if acquired in utero.
Multiple cesarean deliveries increase the risk of abnormal placentation, including placenta accreta, where placental villi invade the myometrium, leading to hemorrhage.
Oxytocin triggers the milk ejection reflex (letdown reflex), while prolactin stimulates milk production. Both hormones are essential for successful lactation.
PCOS is characterized by elevated LH levels relative to FSH (typically LH:FSH ratio >3:1), along with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance.
Levonorgestrel prevents or delays ovulation when given within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse and may also alter cervical mucus to impede sperm transport.
An empty uterus with positive hCG indicates an ectopic pregnancy (implantation outside the uterus), which may present with vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and hemodynamic instability.