Entrance Exams
Govt. Exams
Ovulation typically occurs 14 days before the next menstruation. In a 28-day cycle, this corresponds to day 14 of the cycle, marking the middle of the proliferative phase.
Folic acid supplementation (400 mcg minimum, higher for high-risk women) during the periconceptional period reduces neural tube defects by 50-70%.
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is the most common male chromosomal abnormality, presenting with azoospermia, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, and infertility.
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis; sister chromatids separate at anaphase II, resulting in four haploid cells from the two haploid cells formed after meiosis I.
Maternal obesity, advanced age (>35 years), family history of diabetes, and previous gestational diabetes are significant risk factors for GDM.
Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and infertility due to inflammation and mechanical obstruction.
Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, presents with greenish-yellow, frothy vaginal discharge and is the most common non-viral STI worldwide.
The notochord develops from cells of the primitive node (primitive pit) during gastrulation and serves as the primary organizer for embryonic development.
IUDs have failure rates of less than 1% in typical use, making them one of the most effective contraceptive methods available, with effectiveness approaching that of sterilization.
Initial infertility workup in females includes confirmation of ovulation (through basal body temperature, progesterone levels) and basic hormone assessment before invasive procedures.