Entrance Exams
Govt. Exams
Trichomonas vaginalis causes a distinctive 'strawberry cervix' appearance with petechial hemorrhages. It also causes frothy yellow-green vaginal discharge.
The average age of menarche in Indian girls is 11-13 years, though it can vary based on nutritional status, genetics, and geographic location.
While gonorrhea can cause PID, tubal infertility, and Bartholin's abscess/cyst, meningitis is not a typical complication. Meningitis is more associated with meningococcal infection.
Levonorgestrel emergency contraception works primarily by inhibiting or delaying ovulation, especially when taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse.
Progestin-only pills (minipills) have minimal thromboembolic risk as they lack estrogen. Combined oral contraceptives carry increasing risk: second-generation < third-generation < drospirenone-containing pills.
Ectopic pregnancy is typically visible on transvaginal ultrasound when serum hCG levels reach 1000-2000 mIU/mL (discriminatory zone), though this varies.
Prolactin maintains and sustains milk secretion, while oxytocin causes milk ejection reflex. Frequent suckling increases prolactin levels and maintains lactation.
PCOS presents with the triad of amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, hirsutism (due to androgen excess), and obesity. It's the most common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women in India.
Copper T 380A is a non-hormonal IUD that works by releasing copper ions which are spermicidal. Levonorgestrel IUD (Mirena, Skyla) are hormonal IUDs.
The luteal phase typically lasts 12-16 days (average 14 days) and is characterized by relatively constant progesterone production from the corpus luteum.