Govt Exams
For RCC columns, the recommended slump is 25-50 mm to ensure adequate compaction and workability.
Rigid aggregate is not a standard classification. Aggregates are classified as coarse, fine, and lightweight based on size and density.
For M20 concrete, the maximum water-cement ratio is 0.55 to achieve the specified 28-day compressive strength.
SRPC (Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement) is used for underwater and marine structures to resist sulphate attack.
IS 456:2000 specifies 28 days as the standard curing age for determining the compressive strength of concrete cubes.
Cement acts as a binder that hydrates and binds fine and coarse aggregates together to form a solid mass.
DSI = (r + 3m) - 2j = (4 + 3×3) - 2×4 = 13 - 8 = 3 for this portal frame configuration.
Virtual work principle applies universally to all structures, both determinate and indeterminate, and rigid/deformable bodies.
Fixed-end moment for fixed beam with UDL = wL²/12 at each end (opposite signs).
For column fixed at both ends, effective length L_e = 0.5L (K=0.5), giving maximum buckling resistance.