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C Programming

C language from basics to advanced placement prep

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Difficulty: All Easy Medium Hard 601–610 of 1,000

Topics in C Programming

All Basics & Syntax 100 Data Types & Variables 100 Control Flow 100 Functions 100 Arrays & Strings 100 Pointers 100 Structures & Unions 100 File Handling 100 Dynamic Memory 100 Preprocessor 100

Q.601 Hard Functions

In a recursive function implementing factorial calculation, the base case is missing. What is the most likely consequence during execution?

A The program will run infinitely without crashing

B Stack overflow due to infinite recursive calls until memory is exhausted

C The function will automatically return 1 when n becomes 0

D A compile-time error will be generated

Correct Answer: B. Stack overflow due to infinite recursive calls until memory is exhausted

EXPLANATION

Without a base case, recursion never terminates. Each function call pushes data onto the stack. Eventually, the stack memory is exhausted, causing a stack overflow error. This is a runtime error, not a compile-time error.

Test

Q.602 Easy Functions

Consider the function declaration: void func(int x); and later in the code: int result = func(5);. What will be the compilation result?

A Compilation error because func returns void but is assigned to an int variable

B Compilation warning but will compile successfully; result will be undefined

C Successful compilation and result will be 5

D Runtime error will occur

Correct Answer: A. Compilation error because func returns void but is assigned to an int variable

EXPLANATION

A void function cannot return a value. Attempting to assign the return value of a void function to a variable will cause a compilation error in standard C compilers.

Test

Q.603 Medium Functions

A function in C is declared as: int calculate(int *arr, int size). When this function modifies the array elements, what happens to the original array passed from the calling function?

A The original array is modified because arrays are passed by reference

B The original array remains unchanged; only the local copy is modified

C It depends on whether the pointer is declared as const

D The modification only affects the first element of the array

Correct Answer: A. The original array is modified because arrays are passed by reference

EXPLANATION

In C, arrays decay to pointers when passed to functions, meaning the address is passed. Any modifications through the pointer affect the original array. This is effectively pass-by-reference behavior for arrays.

Test

Q.604 Medium Functions

Which of the following demonstrates proper use of the return statement in error handling?

A return NULL; for pointer functions to indicate failure

B return -1; for integer functions to indicate error status

C Use dedicated error codes or special return values to indicate success/failure

D All of the above are valid approaches

Correct Answer: D. All of the above are valid approaches

EXPLANATION

All three approaches are valid for error handling in C. Functions typically return NULL for pointers, negative values for integers, or use predefined error codes to indicate failure states.

Test

Q.605 Hard Functions

In C, what is the relationship between array parameters and pointers in functions?

A Arrays and pointers are identical in function parameters

B Array parameters are automatically converted to pointers to the first element

C Pointers cannot be used where arrays are expected

D Arrays maintain their size information when passed to functions

Correct Answer: B. Array parameters are automatically converted to pointers to the first element

EXPLANATION

When an array is used as a function parameter, it undergoes array-to-pointer decay, converting to a pointer to the first element. This is why size information is lost.

Test

Q.606 Hard Functions

What is a callback function in C?

A A function that returns to the caller immediately

B A function pointer passed as an argument to be invoked later

C A function that calls itself recursively

D A function declared with the callback keyword

Correct Answer: B. A function pointer passed as an argument to be invoked later

EXPLANATION

A callback is a function pointer passed to another function, which then invokes it at some point. Callbacks are essential for event-driven programming and implementing custom behavior.

Test

Q.607 Hard Functions

Which of the following about variadic functions is true?

A They must have at least one fixed parameter before the ellipsis

B They can have only variadic parameters

C Type checking is enforced by the compiler for variadic arguments

D The va_list macro automatically handles type conversion

Correct Answer: A. They must have at least one fixed parameter before the ellipsis

EXPLANATION

Variadic functions must have at least one fixed parameter before the ellipsis (...). This allows the function to know where variadic arguments begin. Type checking is NOT enforced for variadic arguments.

Test

Q.608 Medium Functions

What is the purpose of function inlining in modern C compilers?

A To increase code size for better readability

B To reduce function call overhead by replacing calls with function body

C To prevent function pointers from working

D To enforce external linkage

Correct Answer: B. To reduce function call overhead by replacing calls with function body

EXPLANATION

Inlining substitutes a function call with the actual function body at compile time, eliminating function call overhead. This is a compiler optimization for performance-critical code.

Test

Q.609 Medium Functions

Consider a function that modifies an array passed as a parameter. Which statement is true?

A The array is passed by value, so modifications don't affect the original

B The array decays to a pointer, so modifications affect the original array

C Arrays cannot be modified within functions

D The const qualifier must be used to modify arrays in functions

Correct Answer: B. The array decays to a pointer, so modifications affect the original array

EXPLANATION

When an array is passed to a function, it decays to a pointer to its first element. This means modifications to array elements affect the original array outside the function.

Test

Q.610 Medium Functions

What happens if a function is declared but never defined in C?

A The compiler throws an error immediately

B The program compiles but fails at link time

C The program executes without issues

D The compiler generates a default implementation

Correct Answer: B. The program compiles but fails at link time

EXPLANATION

If a function is declared but not defined, the compiler generates code to call it (compilation succeeds), but the linker fails to find the function definition, resulting in a linker error.

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