Vertical component of velocity: u_y = 20 sin(45°) = 20/√2 = 10√2 m/s. Maximum height h = u_y²/(2g) = (10√2)²/(2×10) = 200/20 = 10 m.

The first law of thermodynamics (ΔU = Q - W) states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred. It is based on conservation of energy.

Using transformer equation: V_s/V_p = N_s/N_p. Therefore V_s = V_p × (N_s/N_p) = 220 × (100/500) = 220 × 0.2 = 44 V.

Momentum = mass × velocity = kg·m/s. Impulse = force × time = N·s = (kg·m/s²)·s = kg·m/s. Both have equivalent units.

In uniform circular motion, speed is constant but direction changes continuously. This change in direction causes centripetal acceleration always directed toward the center of the circle.

In vacuum, acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass. Both bodies experience the same gravitational acceleration (g ≈ 9.8 m/s²) and fall from the same height, so they reach the ground simultaneously.

Pascal = N/m² = kg/(m·s²) = J/m³. All these expressions are dimensionally equivalent representations of pressure, showing the fundamental relationship between force, area, and SI base units.

Using v² = u² - 2gh, where final velocity v = 0 at maximum height: 0 = (20)² - 2(10)h, so h = 400/20 = 20 m.

De Broglie proposed that all matter exhibits wave-particle duality. Both light (photons) and electrons show properties of both waves and particles, confirmed by experiments like double-slit interference and photoelectric effect.

Work done against constant pressure: W = -PΔV. Given W = -500 J and P = 2 atm = 2 × 101325 Pa. ΔV = -W/P = 500/(2 × 101325) ≈ 2.47 × 10⁻³ m³ = 2.47 L.