Central Exam — Reasoning Ability
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Q.21 Medium
Next letter: A, C, F, J, O, __?
A T
B U
C V
D W
Correct Answer:  B. U
Explanation:

This question tests your ability to identify the pattern in a sequence of letters.

Step 1: Identify the position of each letter in the alphabet

Convert each letter to its numerical position where A=1, B=2, C=3, and so on.

\[A=1, C=3, F=6, J=10, O=15, ?\]
Step 2: Find the pattern in the differences

Calculate the difference between consecutive numbers in the sequence.

\[\text{Differences: } 3-1=2, \quad 6-3=3, \quad 10-6=4, \quad 15-10=5\]
Step 3: Apply the pattern to find the next letter

The differences increase by 1 each time (2, 3, 4, 5...), so the next difference should be 6.

\[15 + 6 = 21, \quad \text{and the 21st letter is } U\]

The next letter in the sequence is U, making the correct answer (B).

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Q.22 Easy
A is 2 yrs older than B who is twice C's age. C=10, A=?
A 20
B 22
C 24
D 18
Correct Answer:  B. 22
Explanation:

This question involves finding A's age using the given relationships between the ages of three people.

Step 1: Find B's age

We know C = 10 and B is twice C's age.

\[B = 2 \times C = 2 \times 10 = 20 \text{ years}\]
Step 2: Find A's age

We know A is 2 years older than B.

\[A = B + 2 = 20 + 2 = 22 \text{ years}\]
Step 3: Verify the relationships

Check: C = 10, B = 2 × 10 = 20, A = 20 + 2 = 22 ✓

\[\text{All conditions satisfied: B is twice C's age and A is 2 years older than B}\]

A's age is 22 years, making the correct answer B) 22.

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Q.23 Medium
P walks 5km North, 3km East, 5km South. Distance from start?
A 3 km
B 5 km
C 8 km
D 13 km
Correct Answer:  A. 3 km
Explanation:

This question tests the ability to track position changes on a coordinate system and calculate the straight-line distance from the starting point.

Step 1: Set up a coordinate system

Let P start at the origin point (0, 0), with North as positive Y-axis and East as positive X-axis.

\[\text{Starting position} = (0, 0)\]
Step 2: Track position after each movement

After walking 5 km North, then 3 km East, then 5 km South, the vertical movements cancel out and only the eastward movement remains.

\[\text{Final position} = (0 + 3, 5 - 5) = (3, 0)\]
Step 3: Calculate distance from starting point

Use the distance formula to find the straight-line distance between the starting point (0, 0) and final position (3, 0).

\[\text{Distance} = \sqrt{(3-0)^2 + (0-0)^2} = \sqrt{9} = 3 \text{ km}\]

The distance from the starting point is 3 km.

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Q.24 Hard
Clock shows 3:15. Angle between hands?
A
B 7.5°
C 15°
D 22.5°
Correct Answer:  B. 7.5°
Explanation:

This question asks us to find the angle between the hour and minute hands on an analog clock displaying 3:15.

Step 1: Calculate the minute hand position

The minute hand moves 360° in 60 minutes, so it moves 6° per minute.

\[\text{Minute hand angle} = 15 \times 6 = 90°\]
Step 2: Calculate the hour hand position

The hour hand moves 360° in 12 hours (720 minutes), so it moves 0.5° per minute. At 3:15, it has moved from 12 o'clock.

\[\text{Hour hand angle} = (3 \times 30) + (15 \times 0.5) = 90 + 7.5 = 97.5°\]
Step 3: Find the angle between both hands

The angle between the hands is the absolute difference between their positions.

\[\text{Angle between hands} = |97.5 - 90| = 7.5°\]

The angle between the hour and minute hands at 3:15 is 7.5°.

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Q.25 Hard
5 cats catch 5 rats in 5 min. Cats needed for 100 rats in 100 min?
A 5
B 10
C 100
D 50
Correct Answer:  A. 5
Explanation:

This question tests understanding of work rates and proportional reasoning with multiple workers and time periods.

Step 1: Find the rate per cat

If 5 cats catch 5 rats in 5 minutes, each cat catches rats at a constant rate.

\[\text{Rate per cat} = \frac{5 \text{ rats}}{5 \text{ cats} \times 5 \text{ min}} = \frac{1}{5} \text{ rats per cat per minute}\]
Step 2: Calculate total rat-catching capacity needed

To catch 100 rats in 100 minutes, we need the total work capacity.

\[\text{Total capacity needed} = \frac{100 \text{ rats}}{100 \text{ min}} = 1 \text{ rat per minute}\]
Step 3: Determine number of cats required

Since each cat catches \(\frac{1}{5}\) rats per minute, we need enough cats to produce 1 rat caught per minute.

\[\text{Number of cats} = \frac{1 \text{ rat/min}}{\frac{1}{5} \text{ rats/cat/min}} = 1 \times 5 = 5 \text{ cats}\]

**The same 5 cats are needed to catch

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Q.26 Medium
Mirror image of SMART?
A TRAMS
B TRAMS reversed
C SMART same
D None
Correct Answer:  B. TRAMS reversed
Explanation:

This question asks what the mirror image of the word "SMART" would look like when reflected horizontally.

Step 1: Understand mirror image reflection

When a word is reflected in a mirror, each letter is reversed and the order of letters is also reversed (reading right to left instead of left to right).

\[\text{SMART} \rightarrow \text{mirror reflection} \rightarrow \text{TRAMS (reversed)}\]
Step 2: Reverse the letter sequence

Original word: S-M-A-R-T

When mirrored horizontally, the sequence becomes right-to-left: T-R-A-M-S

\[\text{Original: S-M-A-R-T} \rightarrow \text{Reversed: T-R-A-M-S}\]
Step 3: Account for individual letter orientations

Each letter in the mirror image would also be horizontally flipped (S becomes reversed S, M becomes reversed M, etc.), so the complete mirror image is "TRAMS reversed" (meaning TRAMS with each letter flipped).

\[\text{Mirror Image} = \text{TRAMS with each letter horizontally flipped}\]

The mirror image of SMART is TRAMS reversed (each letter is flipped and the sequence is reversed).

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Q.27 Easy
Series: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, __?
A 30
B 36
C 35
D 40
Correct Answer:  B. 36
Explanation:

This question asks us to identify the pattern in a sequence of numbers and find the missing term.

Step 1: Identify the pattern

Look at each term and find what they represent.

\[1 = 1^2, \quad 4 = 2^2, \quad 9 = 3^2, \quad 16 = 4^2, \quad 25 = 5^2\]
Step 2: Recognize the sequence rule

Each term is a perfect square of consecutive natural numbers.

\[\text{Term}_n = n^2 \text{ where } n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...\]
Step 3: Find the missing term

The next number in the sequence follows the pattern with n = 6.

\[\text{Term}_6 = 6^2 = 36\]

The missing term in the sequence is 36, making the answer (B).

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Q.28 Medium
If CLOUD=67394, LOUD=?
A 6394
B 7394
C 3948
D 3947
Correct Answer:  B. 7394
Explanation:

This question requires identifying the numerical code assigned to each letter in the word CLOUD, then using those values to decode LOUD.

Step 1: Decode the CLOUD sequence

Given that CLOUD = 67394, assign each letter its corresponding digit position.

\[C=6, \quad L=7, \quad O=3, \quad U=9, \quad D=4\]
Step 2: Identify letters in LOUD

The word LOUD contains the letters L, O, U, and D in that order.

\[\text{LOUD} = L, O, U, D\]
Step 3: Apply the code values to LOUD

Using the digit values decoded from CLOUD, substitute each letter in LOUD with its assigned number.

\[\text{LOUD} = 7, 3, 9, 4 = 7394\]

The answer is 7394, which is option (B).

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Q.29 Medium
Water image shows word flipped?
A Left-right
B Upside down
C Both
D No change
Correct Answer:  B. Upside down
Explanation:

This question asks about the orientation of a word's reflection when viewed in water (a mirror image).

Understanding Water/Mirror Reflection:

Water acts as a horizontal mirror surface. When you look at a word reflected in water, the reflection flips along the horizontal axis (top becomes bottom), not along the vertical axis (left-right remains the same).

Why Left-Right is incorrect:

Left-right reversal occurs with a vertical mirror (like a bathroom mirror), not a horizontal water surface.

Why Upside Down is correct:

A water reflection flips the image vertically — the top of the letters moves to the bottom and vice versa. If you write "HELLO" and look at its reflection in still water, it appears upside down as the vertical orientation is reversed.

Why Both and No Change are incorrect:

Water only flips vertically (upside down), not both directions, and there is definitely a change in orientation.

The word appears upside down when reflected in water because water acts as a horizontal mirror that reverses the vertical orientation of the image.

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Q.30 Hard
Odd one out: 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 36?
A 5
B 17
C 26
D 36
Correct Answer:  D. 36
Explanation:

This question asks you to identify which number doesn't follow the pattern established by the others in the sequence.

Step 1: Find the differences between consecutive terms

Calculate the gap between each pair of adjacent numbers.

\[2 \to 5: \text{ difference} = 3\]
\[5 \to 10: \text{ difference} = 5\]
\[10 \to 17: \text{ difference} = 7\]
\[17 \to 26: \text{ difference} = 9\]
\[26 \to 36: \text{ difference} = 10\]
Step 2: Identify the pattern in differences

The differences should follow a logical sequence of odd numbers.

\[\text{Differences: } 3, 5, 7, 9, 10\]
\[\text{Expected pattern: } 3, 5, 7, 9, 11\]
Step 3: Determine which number breaks the pattern

The difference between 26 and 36 is 10, but it should be 11 to maintain the pattern of consecutive odd numbers.

\[\text{Correct value should be: } 26 + 11 = 37 \text{ (not 36)}\]

**The odd one out is 36 (option D), because it breaks the pattern where differences

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