2NF eliminates partial dependencies where non-key attributes depend on part of a composite key. 3NF further eliminates transitive dependencies.
GraphQL's query language enables clients to specify exact data requirements, eliminating over-fetching and under-fetching issues common in REST.
SQL injection allows attackers to insert malicious SQL code through application inputs, remaining a critical OWASP Top 10 vulnerability despite awareness.
Distributed transactions in microservices require mechanisms like Saga pattern or Two-Phase Commit to maintain consistency across services.
Synchronous replication waits for replicas to acknowledge writes (safer but slower), while asynchronous replication doesn't wait (faster but less safe).
A balanced BST maintains O(log n) search complexity by keeping the tree height logarithmic relative to node count.
TLS 1.3 is the latest, most secure protocol standard for encrypting data in transit, replacing older protocols like SSL and TLS 1.2.
A confusion matrix shows True Positives, True Negatives, False Positives, and False Negatives, enabling comprehensive evaluation of classification accuracy.
Docker containers package applications with dependencies, ensuring identical execution across different environments.
Eventual consistency in cloud systems means that data replicas will converge to the same state after all updates have propagated.