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UPSC Civil Services
Indian History & Polity

UPSC IAS/IPS MCQ questions — History, Polity, Economy, Science, General Studies.

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Q.1 Hard Indian History & Polity
Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) involved?
A Hyder Ali
B Tipu Sultan
C Nizam
D Marathas
Correct Answer:  B. Tipu Sultan
EXPLANATION

The Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) was a peace agreement signed after the Third Anglo-Mysore War, and the question asks which Indian ruler was involved in this treaty.

Step 1: Identify the ruler of Mysore in 1792

Hyder Ali, the powerful ruler of Mysore, died in 1782. His son Tipu Sultan succeeded him and ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799.

Step 2: Understand the Third Anglo-Mysore War context

After his defeat by the British and their allies in the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792), Tipu Sultan was forced to negotiate peace terms with the British East India Company.

Step 3: Recognize the treaty signatories

The Treaty of Seringapatam was signed in 1792 between Tipu Sultan (ruler of Mysore) and the British forces. This treaty ended the war and required Tipu Sultan to cede half of his territory and pay a large indemnity.

The Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) involved Tipu Sultan, who was the ruler of Mysore at that time and negotiated the peace agreement with the British after their military victory.

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Q.2 Hard Indian History & Polity
The Bhakti movement in medieval India was characterized by devotion to personal gods, but which saint's teachings particularly emphasized the concept of 'Bhakti without intermediaries'?
A Kabir Das
B Mirabai
C Ramanuja
D Basaveshwara
Correct Answer:  A. Kabir Das
EXPLANATION

Kabir Das (1440-1518) was a mystic poet who preached direct devotion to a formless God without the need for priests, rituals, or religious intermediaries, challenging both Hindu and Islamic orthodoxy.

His teachings, composed in vernacular language accessible to common people, emphasized personal spiritual experience and equality of all humans, making him a revolutionary figure in the medieval Bhakti movement.

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Q.3 Hard Indian History & Polity
The Vijayanagara Empire's administrative system included a unique military organization called 'Ashtadiggaja.' What does this term specifically refer to?
A Eight provincial governors appointed by the emperor
B Eight chief military commanders or generals of the empire
C Eight merchant guilds controlling trade routes
D Eight Buddhist monastic orders given patronage
Correct Answer:  B. Eight chief military commanders or generals of the empire
EXPLANATION

Ashtadiggaja literally means 'eight elephants' and referred to the eight most powerful military commanders and generals of the Vijayanagara Empire who controlled significant military forces and territories.

This system, particularly prominent during the 15th-16th centuries, allowed for decentralized military strength while maintaining imperial sovereignty and was crucial to the empire's defensive capabilities against external threats.

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Q.4 Hard Indian History & Polity
Which Congress session formally adopted the 'Purna Swaraj' (Complete Independence) resolution as the official objective of the Indian National Congress?
A Calcutta Session, 1928
B Lahore Session, 1929
C Delhi Session, 1930
D Lucknow Session, 1927
Correct Answer:  B. Lahore Session, 1929
EXPLANATION

The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in December 1929 officially adopted the Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) resolution, marking a significant shift from dominion status to complete independence as the party's goal.

Jawaharlal Nehru presided over this session, and the resolution set the stage for the Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930.

This declaration signified the Congress's commitment to total freedom from British rule.

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Q.5 Hard Indian History & Polity
The Seditious Meetings Ordinance of 1907 and subsequent Seditious Meetings Act were primarily used to suppress which regional nationalist movement?
A Bengali Revolutionary Movement
B Swadeshi Movement in Bengal
C Punjab Nationalist Movement
D Maharashtra Freedom Movement
Correct Answer:  B. Swadeshi Movement in Bengal
EXPLANATION

The Seditious Meetings Ordinance of 1907 was enacted specifically to counter the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, which promoted indigenous industries and boycotted British goods following the Partition of Bengal in 1905.

This legislation severely restricted public gatherings and speeches, targeting nationalist leaders like Aurobindo Ghosh and others.

The act demonstrated the British government's fear of the organized nationalist sentiment emerging in Bengal.

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