Govt Exams
India has committed to reducing emissions intensity by 45% by 2030 from 2005 baseline levels as part of its NDC.
Rhizophora species form the structural foundation of mangrove ecosystems, providing nursery grounds and stabilizing sediment for other organisms.
Interspecific competition is density-dependent as its effect increases with population density. Environmental factors like rainfall are density-independent.
Biomagnification causes DDT concentration to increase at higher trophic levels, with apex predators (birds) showing highest concentrations.
India's tiger population has shown significant recovery, increasing from approximately 1400 tigers in 2006 to over 3700 by 2023 census.
Elevated sea surface temperatures stress coral-zooxanthellae relationships, causing bleaching. This has been documented extensively in Andaman reefs.
Intrinsic rate of increase (biotic potential) is expressed as λ and represents maximum reproductive capacity under ideal conditions.
Following the 10% law: Producers (1000 kg) → Primary consumers (100 kg) → Secondary consumers (10 kg).
Leather tanning wastes contain high concentrations of chromium and other heavy metals that severely degrade aquatic ecosystems.
Primary succession occurs on bare, lifeless substrates where no soil exists, such as newly formed volcanic islands.