Govt Exams
Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of pancreatic islets and increases blood glucose by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis during fasting.
The glomerulus, a network of capillaries in the renal corpuscle, filters blood under hydrostatic pressure to produce the ultrafiltrate that forms the basis of urine.
Saltatory conduction occurs in myelinated neurons where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier, increasing conduction velocity significantly compared to unmyelinated fibers.
Acetylcholinesterase rapidly hydrolyzes acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, terminating neuromuscular transmission and allowing muscle relaxation.
The blood-brain barrier is formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells of brain capillaries, supported by astrocytes that regulate nutrient transport and maintain the barrier's integrity.
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released by the adrenal medulla during stress and increases blood glucose by promoting glycogenolysis and inhibiting insulin secretion.
Diaphragm contraction flattens it and moves downward, increasing thoracic cavity volume and decreasing intra-pulmonary pressure.
The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements and maintains body balance through proprioceptive feedback.
A complete cardiac cycle takes approximately 0.8 seconds at a heart rate of 72 beats per minute.
Pepsin is a protease secreted by gastric glands that begins protein digestion in the acidic environment of the stomach.