Govt Exams
RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) catalyzes CO2 fixation with RuBP in the Calvin cycle.
Water photolysis (2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-) releases electrons that are transferred through electron transport chains.
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from aerial parts of plants, primarily through stomata during daytime.
Sieve tube members conduct sugars while companion cells provide ATP and metabolic support for active transport.
Osmotic potential (Ψs) = -iCRT, where it depends on solute concentration (C) and absolute temperature (T).
High auxin to low cytokinin ratio promotes callus formation, while the ratios determine the type of organogenesis.
Abscisic acid (ABA) accumulates during water stress and environmental changes, promoting abscission layer formation and leaf fall.
During stomatal opening, potassium ions (K+) actively accumulate in guard cells, increasing osmotic potential and causing water influx.
Root pressure is measured using a manometer connected to the cut end of a plant stem, showing the positive pressure generated by roots.
In C4 photosynthesis, CO2 combines with PEP (3-carbon) to form oxaloacetate (4-carbon compound) via the enzyme PEP carboxylase.