Botany is where NEET aspirants lose marks quietly, usually because plant physiology and morphology get less revision time than human physiology. This set covers plant morphology and anatomy, cell structure, plant physiology, reproduction in flowering plants, genetics, and ecology and environment. Diagram based questions are included because the paper leans on them more than most students expect.
The tissue present between the upper and lower epidermis of a dicot leaf is:
Answer: B
Mesophyll tissue consists of palisade and spongy parenchyma and is located between the two epidermal layers.
Q.2Medium
In a dicot root, the vascular bundle arrangement is:
Answer: B
Dicot roots show radial arrangement of vascular bundles with xylem rays alternating with phloem strands.
Q.3Medium
The endodermis in roots is characterized by the presence of:
Answer: A
Casparian strips are bands of suberin deposited on the radial and transverse walls of endodermal cells, preventing lateral water movement.
Q.4Medium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the epidermis?
Answer: B
The epidermis is primarily protective and regulatory; photosynthesis is the function of mesophyll cells in the leaf.
Q.5Medium
The pericycle is primarily involved in:
Answer: B
The pericycle, a layer of parenchyma cells inside the endodermis, initiates the formation of lateral roots.
Q.6Medium
Secondary growth in plants results in the formation of:
Answer: B
Secondary growth, mediated by vascular cambium, produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark).
Q.7Medium
In a three-year-old dicot stem, the annual rings are formed due to:
Answer: A
Annual rings result from the difference in growth rate between spring wood (lighter) and autumn wood (darker) formed by secondary xylem.
Q.8Medium
The tissue that forms a protective layer in older stems and replaces the epidermis is:
Answer: B
Periderm, consisting of cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm, replaces the epidermis in older stems.
Q.9Medium
In dicot roots, the xylem is typically arranged in a pattern described as
Answer: B
Dicot roots typically show tetrarch arrangement (4 xylem groups), while monocot roots show polyarch arrangement. Triarch is less common in roots.
Q.10Medium
Which anatomical feature in desert plants allows them to store water in their stem tissues?
Answer: C
Succulent plants like cacti have specialized thin-walled parenchymatous tissues that store water. The waxy cuticle reduces water loss, not parenchyma.
Q.11Medium
The palisade parenchyma in leaves is primarily adapted for
Answer: B
Palisade parenchyma consists of elongated cells arranged perpendicular to the leaf surface, maximizing light capture for photosynthesis.
Q.12Medium
In older dicot stems, the cork cambium (phellogen) originates from which tissue?
Answer: B
The phellogen typically develops from cortical or endodermal cells in dicot stems, occasionally from the epidermis, replacing the original epidermis.
Q.13Medium
The bulliform cells found in monocot leaves are primarily involved in
Answer: C
Bulliform cells are large, vacuolated cells on the adaxial surface of monocot leaves that control leaf rolling to reduce water loss during drought.
Q.14Medium
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of collenchyma tissue?
Answer: B
Collenchyma has unequally thickened primary cell walls, usually at corners, providing mechanical support while remaining flexible. It retains living protoplasm.
Q.15Medium
The phenomenon where secondary xylem appears as annual rings in cross-sections of dicot stems is due to
Answer: A
Annual rings form due to seasonal variations in xylem formation: large earlywood cells (spring) and smaller latewood cells (summer), creating visible rings.
Q.16Medium
In hydrophytes, which structural modification reduces the density of tissues to maintain buoyancy?
Answer: B
Aerenchyma—parenchymatous tissue with large intercellular air spaces—provides buoyancy and oxygen transport in aquatic plants.
Q.17Medium
The periderm in woody plants consists of three layers. Which layer actively produces new cells?
Answer: B
The cork cambium (phellogen) is the meristematic layer that divides to produce cork cells outwardly and phelloderm inwardly.
Q.18Medium
The endodermis in a root is primarily involved in:
Answer: B
The endodermis contains the Casparian strip, which regulates the movement of water and solutes into the vascular cylinder.
Q.19Medium
Which anatomical feature is characteristic of C4 plants?
Answer: A
C4 plants exhibit Kranz anatomy where mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialized for different aspects of photosynthesis.
Q.20Medium
Tracheids differ from vessels in that tracheids:
Answer: B
Tracheids are elongated, unicellular structures with tapering end walls and pits, unlike vessels which are multicellular with perforated end plates.
