NEET Zoology - MCQ Practice Questions

The corpus luteum, formed after ovulation, secretes progesterone, which maintains the endometrium for potential implantation and pregnancy.

Oral contraceptive pills are hormonal contraceptives, not barrier methods. Barrier methods physically prevent sperm from reaching the ovum.

GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH, initiating the reproductive cycle.

The LH (Luteinizing Hormone) surge triggers ovulation, the release of a mature ovum from the ovary, typically occurring around day 14 of the menstrual cycle.

Copper T IUD has the highest efficacy rate at 99.2%, making it one of the most reliable contraceptive methods available in India.

Oligospermia (low sperm count) and asthenozoospermia (poor motility) are the major causes of male infertility, often due to lifestyle factors, infections, or genetic issues.

Testosterone is responsible for development of male secondary sexual characters like facial hair, deepening of voice, muscle development, and sperm production.

PCOS is characterized by irregular cycles, heavy bleeding, and hormonal imbalances. It's a common cause of menstrual irregularities in reproductive-age women.

The Billings ovulation method is a natural family planning technique based on observing changes in cervical mucus to identify fertile days.

hCG, produced by the trophoblast after implantation, maintains the corpus luteum, ensuring continued progesterone production essential for pregnancy maintenance.

With normal male semen analysis, female factors such as tubal obstruction, anovulation, endometriosis, or uterine abnormalities become primary considerations.

ICMR provides guidelines and regulations for ART services in India under the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2021.

CSE provides evidence-based, age-appropriate education about sexual health, contraception, consent, and safety to enable informed decision-making.

PCOS and hypothyroidism both disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, leading to anovulation (failure to ovulate) and infertility.

# STI Prevalence in India: Understanding HPV as the Most Common Infection

The most common sexually transmitted infection affecting reproductive health in India relates to viral pathogens with high transmission rates and significant public health burden. Let me analyze the comparative epidemiology of these infections.

## Step 1: Understand the Classification of STIs

STIs can be categorized as bacterial (Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis) or viral (HPV). Viral STIs typically have:

## Step 2: Epidemiological Data on Bacterial STIs in India

According to recent epidemiological surveys:

## Step 3: HPV Prevalence and Public Health Impact

HPV demonstrates significantly higher prevalence:

## Step 4: 2024 Data Context

Recent epidemiological studies and WHO reports (2023-2024) consistently identify HPV as the most prevalent STI affecting reproductive health in India, particularly due to its association with cervical cancer burden and need for widespread vaccination programs.

Answer: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common STI in India as per 2024 data, with significantly higher prevalence rates (25-30%) compared to bacterial STIs and major implications for cervical health and cancer prevention. (Option D)

FSH levels peak during the follicular phase, stimulating follicle development and estrogen production. Levels decline after ovulation.

Diaphragm has a failure rate of 12% with typical use, higher than male condoms (18%) and female condoms (21%) when considering perfect vs typical use. However, among barrier methods, diaphragm shows higher typical-use failure rates.

The luteal phase typically lasts 12-16 days (average 14 days) and is characterized by relatively constant progesterone production from the corpus luteum.

Copper T 380A is a non-hormonal IUD that works by releasing copper ions which are spermicidal. Levonorgestrel IUD (Mirena, Skyla) are hormonal IUDs.

PCOS presents with the triad of amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, hirsutism (due to androgen excess), and obesity. It's the most common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women in India.