Govt Exams
The electrochemical series arranges elements in order of their standard reduction potentials, with more positive values indicating stronger oxidizing agents.
Conductivity increases with temperature because ionic mobility increases due to decreased viscosity of the medium.
SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode) is the arbitrary reference against which all other reduction potentials are measured.
Anode undergoes oxidation (Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻), losing mass. Cathode undergoes reduction (Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu), gaining mass.
At cathode: Na⁺ + e⁻ → Na (reduction). At anode: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻ (oxidation).
Conductivity (κ) = concentration × molar conductivity. Upon dilution, concentration decreases faster than molar conductivity increases.
Maximum EMF = E°cathode - E°anode = 0.80 - (-0.76) = 1.56 V for Zn-Ag cell.
Negative E°cell indicates non-spontaneous reaction with positive ΔG°. The relationship is ΔG° = -nFE°cell.
Potassium (K) has the most negative standard reduction potential and is most easily oxidized among the given options. The order of ease of oxidation is K > Cu > Ag > Au.
F = N_A × e = 6.022 × 10²³ × 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C = 96485 C/mol, which equals Avogadro's number times the charge of one electron.