Govt Exams
Established in Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the doctrine prevents constitutional amendments from destroying the Constitution's basic structure, including democracy, federalism, and judicial review.
Colourable legislation refers to laws that disguise their true purpose to evade constitutional limitations. Such laws can be struck down as they violate the spirit of the Constitution.
In Epuru Sudhakar's case, the Supreme Court held that while the President's clemency power is discretionary, it can be reviewed on grounds of mala fides or gross abuse of power.
Ultra vires means 'beyond the powers.' It refers to administrative actions that exceed the scope of authority granted by law or constitution and can be challenged in courts.
The doctrine of promissory estoppel, established through judicial precedent, prevents the government from reneging on its promises when citizens have acted in reliance upon them.
Minerva Mills established that fundamental rights and Article 32 are part of the basic structure and cannot be suspended.
Amartya Sen has theoretically engaged with concepts of universal basic income and negative income tax.
The Venkatachaliah Commission (1999) reviewed the working of the Constitution and suggested reforms.
CBI operates under the Department of Personnel and Training within the Prime Minister's Office framework.
Sukhdev Singh case restricted the 'Doctrine of Pleasure' principle in government employment.