Govt Exams
The lone pair on nitrogen of aniline is more nucleophilic than the π electrons of benzene, making N-acylation the dominant pathway.
Methoxy group is ortho-para directing and activating. Due to steric hindrance at para position, 2-nitroanisole is the major product.
Addition to alkenes follows electrophilic addition mechanism with carbocation formation, leading to Markovnikov's product.
Chromic acid oxidizes primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. The aldehyde is an intermediate which is further oxidized.
Although para is thermodynamically more stable, ortho is kinetically favored but sterically hindered. The 2:1 ratio reflects kinetic control with steric factors reducing ortho product.
Iodoform test requires either a methyl ketone (COCH3) or secondary alcohol with CH3 adjacent to CHOH. Ethanol has no such structure.
Phenoxide ion is stabilized by resonance with the benzene ring, making phenol more acidic than aliphatic alcohols.
Both Tollens and Fehling reagents give positive test with aldehydes (silver mirror and red precipitate respectively) but not with ketones.
Primary carbocation rearranges via hydride shift to form more stable secondary carbocation, which then forms isopropylbenzene.
Tertiary alkyl halides form stable tertiary carbocations, making SN1 mechanism favorable.