Govt Exams
The doctrine of promissory estoppel, established through judicial precedent, prevents the government from reneging on its promises when citizens have acted in reliance upon them.
Article 280 of the Constitution mandates constitution of the Finance Commission every 5 years to recommend distribution of revenues between Union and States.
Article 161 grants the Governor power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, and remissions of punishment. Article 72 deals with similar presidential powers.
While NCW investigates and recommends, it cannot issue binding orders. NCW's recommendations are advisory in nature and require government action for implementation.
The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution places income tax in the Union List, but subsequent amendments and constitutional provisions allow concurrent taxation. The Union has primary authority while states can levy certain taxes.
The RTI Act prescribes a maximum of 30 days for providing information under normal circumstances, with an extension of 20 days possible in complex cases.
The State Human Rights Commission investigates violations and recommends preventive measures but does not issue currency. Currency issuance is a monetary function of the central bank.
Parliament has exclusive power to create, alter, or abolish states through constitutional amendments or under Article 3.
NGT was established by the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 to handle environmental disputes.
Minerva Mills established that fundamental rights and Article 32 are part of the basic structure and cannot be suspended.