Google Questions
In TCP/IP model, which layer handles IP addresses?
A
Application Layer
B
Transport Layer
C
Internet Layer
D
Link Layer
Correct Answer:
C. Internet Layer
The Internet Layer (Layer 3) handles IP addresses and routing. Transport Layer (Layer 4) handles ports.
What is the purpose of a load balancer?
A
To store data
B
To distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers
C
To encrypt data
D
To compile code
Correct Answer:
B. To distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers
A load balancer distributes network traffic across multiple servers to improve reliability and responsiveness.
In a system with 100 servers, if each has 99.9% uptime, what is the system's expected uptime?
A
99.9%
B
36.5%
C
1%
D
50%
If all servers must be up: (0.999)^100 ≈ 0.905 * 100 = 90.5%... Actually (0.999)^100 ≈ 0.9048 or ~90.48%. Closest is 36.5% for series of events
What does MapReduce do?
A
Reduces maps to a single value
B
Processes large datasets by mapping operations and reducing results
C
Only works with arrays
D
Is used only in front-end development
Correct Answer:
B. Processes large datasets by mapping operations and reducing results
MapReduce is a programming model for processing large datasets in parallel by mapping data and then reducing results.
What is the CAP theorem in distributed systems?
A
Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - you can have all three
B
Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - you can have at most two
C
It's about database capacity
D
It's about memory limits
Correct Answer:
B. Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance - you can have at most two
CAP theorem states that distributed systems can guarantee at most two of: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance.
What is eventual consistency in distributed systems?
A
All nodes have same data at all times
B
Data will be consistent across all nodes eventually
C
Consistency is never achieved
D
Only one node is consistent
Correct Answer:
B. Data will be consistent across all nodes eventually
Eventual consistency means that if no new updates are made, all nodes will eventually see the same data, though there may be temporary inconsistencies.
What principle is followed when designing Google's systems?
A
Monolithic architecture
B
Distributed systems with horizontal scalability
C
Centralized database model
D
Sequential processing
Correct Answer:
B. Distributed systems with horizontal scalability
Google designs distributed systems that can scale horizontally across many machines to handle billions of requests.
In microservices architecture, what is an API Gateway?
A
A server that stores APIs
B
A single entry point for client requests to multiple microservices
C
A database for API data
D
A security firewall
Correct Answer:
B. A single entry point for client requests to multiple microservices
API Gateway is a server that acts as an intermediary between clients and microservices, handling routing, authentication, and load balancing.
What is the correct output of: print(2 ** 3 ** 2) in Python?
Exponentiation is right-associative in Python. 32 = 9, then 2 9 = 512
What is the space complexity of DFS using recursion?
A
O(1)
B
O(n)
C
O(log n)
D
O(h) where h is height
Correct Answer:
D. O(h) where h is height
Recursive DFS uses call stack space proportional to the height of the tree/graph. For balanced tree, it's O(log n); worst case O(n).
