Govt. Exams
Diamond has a 3D tetrahedral covalent network structure with C-C bonds in all directions, while graphite has layered structure with weak van der Waals forces between layers
Cu²⁺ requires 2 electrons per atom. 1 Faraday = 1 mol of electrons; moles of Cu = 1/2 = 0.5 mol
H₂O has maximum boiling point due to strong hydrogen bonding compared to other hydrides in group 16
Color of reactants has no effect on reaction rate. Temperature, catalyst, and concentration all significantly affect reaction rate.
E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode = 0.34 - (-0.76) = 1.10 V
[H⁺] = [OH⁻] indicates a neutral solution. At 25°C, Kw = [H⁺][OH⁻] = 1 × 10⁻¹⁴, so pH = 7, pOH = 7 confirms neutrality.
In a galvanic cell, anode is where oxidation occurs (loss of electrons). The cathode is where reduction occurs (gain of electrons).
E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode = 0.34 - (-0.76) = 1.10 V. Cu is cathode (reduction), Zn is anode (oxidation).
The coordination number is the number of ligands attached to the central metal ion. Here, 4 NH₃ ligands are bonded to Cu²⁺, so coordination number = 4.
Overall order = sum of exponents in rate law = 2 + 1 = 3 (third-order reaction). Note: order is determined experimentally, not from stoichiometry.