Entropy is an extensive property (depends on amount of substance). Refractive index, surface tension, and density are intensive properties.
Using Arrhenius equation: ln(k₂/k₁) = (Ea/R)(1/T₁ - 1/T₂) = (60000/8.314)(1/298 - 1/348) ≈ 4.63, so k₂/k₁ ≈ 103.
At constant temperature and pressure, ΔG < 0 is the criterion for spontaneity, where ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Boiling point elevation depends only on the number of solute particles (molality), not on their chemical nature.
At the critical point, Z = PcVc/RTc = 0.27 for most real gases (theoretical value for van der Waals gas).
Vapour pressure depends on temperature (increases with temperature) and the nature of intermolecular forces in the liquid, not on surface area or volume.
MgO has the highest lattice energy due to smaller ionic radii of Mg²⁺ and O²⁻ ions, leading to stronger electrostatic attractions.