The Nayak Committee (2013) examined shadow banking entities and recommended a regulatory framework for NBFCs engaged in banking activities.

The Microfinance Institutions (Development and Regulation) Act, 2006 specifically regulates MFIs, focusing on transparency and consumer protection.

FSDC, chaired by the Finance Minister, coordinates between RBI, SEBI, IRDA, and other financial regulators to ensure financial stability.

RBI has a dedicated regulatory framework for NBFCs, with stricter norms for Si-NBFCs to maintain systemic stability.

Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), consisting of paid-up capital and retained earnings, is the highest quality Tier 1 capital.

FATF recommendations are international standards for combating money laundering and terrorism financing.

Bank of India, established in 1906, is one of the oldest operating banks. State Bank of India traces back to 1806 through Imperial Bank.

Tier-2 capital includes subordinated debt, revaluation reserves, and general loan loss provisions. It supplements Tier-1 capital for meeting capital requirements.

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) establishes international standards for combating money laundering and terrorist financing. India complies with FATF recommendations.

Basel III prescribes a minimum CET-1 ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted assets. India has implemented Basel III norms with additional conservation buffers.