Rhizoids are root-like structures that anchor bryophytes to the substrate and facilitate absorption of water and minerals.
Q.22Medium
Which characteristic makes ferns evolutionarily advanced compared to mosses?
Answer: B
Ferns possess true vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and have a dominant independent sporophyte generation, making them more advanced than bryophytes.
Q.23Medium
Megasporophyll in plants is homologous to:
Answer: B
Megasporophyll is the structure bearing megasporangia; in angiosperms, it corresponds to the carpel which produces megaspores.
Q.24Medium
The vascular tissue in pteridophytes consists of:
Answer: C
Pteridophytes possess both xylem (for water conduction) and phloem (for nutrient transport), but lack the specialized sieve tubes and companion cells found in angiosperms.
Q.25Easy
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gymnosperms?
Answer: C
Gymnosperms have naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary. Seeds enclosed in an ovary is a characteristic of angiosperms.
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Q.26Medium
Cycas belongs to which group of gymnosperms?
Answer: B
Cycas is a cycad and belongs to the order Cycadales, which are living fossils representing ancient gymnosperms.
Q.27Medium
The pollen grain in gymnosperms represents:
Answer: C
The pollen grain is the immature male gametophyte that further develops after pollination to form the mature male gametophyte.
Q.28Medium
A botanical embryo sac in angiosperms typically contains:
Answer: B
The mature female gametophyte (embryo sac) in angiosperms is typically 7-celled with an egg apparatus (1 egg + 2 synergids) and 3 antipodal cells.
Q.29Medium
Which of the following statements about anther development is correct?
Answer: A
Anthers develop from microsporophylls (stamens) and contain four pollen sacs (microsporangia) where microspores develop into pollen grains.
Q.30Medium
Pollination by wind in angiosperms is associated with:
Answer: B
Wind-pollinated flowers are typically small, inconspicuous, and produce copious amounts of light, dry pollen that can be easily dispersed by wind.
Q.31Medium
The integument in an ovule becomes:
Answer: A
The integument (outer layer of ovule) develops into the testa (seed coat) after fertilization, protecting the developing embryo.
Q.32Medium
Endosperm in angiosperms is primarily concerned with:
Answer: B
Endosperm is a nutritive tissue produced by triple fusion nuclei, stores nutrients (starch, protein, oils) and nourishes the developing embryo during seed maturation and germination.
Q.33Hard
Dicots differ from monocots in all the following EXCEPT:
Answer: C
Both dicots and monocots possess vascular tissue. They differ in cotyledon number (2 vs 1), bundle arrangement, and floral parts (mostly in whorls of 4-5 vs 3).
Q.34Easy
The phenomenon where both parents contribute equally to the offspring is called:
Answer: C
Sexual reproduction involves fusion of two gametes from different parents, resulting in genetic variation and equal parental contribution in diploid offspring.
Q.35Hard
Which of the following plant groups shows the most complete transition from aquatic to terrestrial adaptation?
Answer: C
The transition from pteridophytes to gymnosperms shows complete terrestrial adaptation through development of pollen (no free sperm in water) and seeds (no gametophyte dependence).
Q.36Hard
Carpellary placentation where ovules are attached along the margins of the carpel is called:
Answer: C
Marginal placentation occurs when ovules develop along the ventral suture (margins) of the carpel, commonly seen in legumes.
Q.37Hard
In the plant kingdom, which pair correctly matches the plant group with its characteristic reproductive structure?
Answer: C
Bryophytes produce both archegonia (female) and antheridia (male), allowing sexual reproduction; pteridophytes, gymnosperms also have these, but bryophytes are distinctively defined by them.
Q.38Easy
Which of the following characteristics is unique to bryophytes among all land plants?
Answer: B
Bryophytes have a dominant gametophytic generation, while the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte. This is unique among land plants and represents their primitive nature.
Q.39Easy
The vascular tissue in pteridophytes that transports water and minerals is composed of which cells?
Answer: B
Xylem in pteridophytes consists of tracheids and vessels. Companion cells are found only in angiosperms associated with phloem.
Q.40Easy
Which feature distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?
Answer: A
Gymnosperms produce naked seeds not enclosed in a fruit and lack true flowers. Angiosperms have enclosed seeds within fruits and possess flowers.
