Botany is where NEET aspirants lose marks quietly, usually because plant physiology and morphology get less revision time than human physiology. This set covers plant morphology and anatomy, cell structure, plant physiology, reproduction in flowering plants, genetics, and ecology and environment. Diagram based questions are included because the paper leans on them more than most students expect.
Which tissue in plants is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from roots to leaves?
Answer: A
Xylem is a vascular tissue that transports water and mineral nutrients from roots to aerial parts of the plant.
Q.102Easy
The cork tissue in plants is derived from which meristematic tissue?
Answer: C
Cork tissue (phellem) is produced outward by the cork cambium (phellogen), which is a lateral meristem.
Q.103Easy
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of monocot stems?
Answer: A
Monocot stems have scattered vascular bundles throughout the ground tissue, unlike dicots which have ring-arranged bundles.
Q.104Easy
The primary function of stomata is:
Answer: B
Stomata are pores in the leaf epidermis that regulate gas exchange (CO2 intake, O2 release) and transpiration.
Q.105Easy
Which cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata?
Answer: B
Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells that change shape to open or close the stomatal pore.
Q.106Medium
The tissue present between the upper and lower epidermis of a dicot leaf is:
Answer: B
Mesophyll tissue consists of palisade and spongy parenchyma and is located between the two epidermal layers.
Q.107Medium
In a dicot root, the vascular bundle arrangement is:
Answer: B
Dicot roots show radial arrangement of vascular bundles with xylem rays alternating with phloem strands.
Q.108Medium
The endodermis in roots is characterized by the presence of:
Answer: A
Casparian strips are bands of suberin deposited on the radial and transverse walls of endodermal cells, preventing lateral water movement.
Q.109Medium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the epidermis?
Answer: B
The epidermis is primarily protective and regulatory; photosynthesis is the function of mesophyll cells in the leaf.
Q.110Medium
The pericycle is primarily involved in:
Answer: B
The pericycle, a layer of parenchyma cells inside the endodermis, initiates the formation of lateral roots.
Q.111Medium
Secondary growth in plants results in the formation of:
Answer: B
Secondary growth, mediated by vascular cambium, produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem (inner bark).
Q.112Medium
In a three-year-old dicot stem, the annual rings are formed due to:
Answer: A
Annual rings result from the difference in growth rate between spring wood (lighter) and autumn wood (darker) formed by secondary xylem.
Q.113Medium
The tissue that forms a protective layer in older stems and replaces the epidermis is:
Answer: B
Periderm, consisting of cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm, replaces the epidermis in older stems.
Q.114Hard
Which anatomical adaptation helps hydrophytes (aquatic plants) to float?
Answer: B
Aerenchyma tissue with large intercellular air spaces provides buoyancy to aquatic plants.
Q.115Hard
In xerophytes, which anatomical feature reduces water loss?
Answer: B
Xerophytes have sunken stomata (reducing direct exposure) and thick, waxy cuticles to minimize transpiration.
Q.116Hard
The vascular cambium originates from:
Answer: B
Vascular cambium is derived from residual procambium (between primary xylem and phloem) and adjacent ground meristem cells.
Q.117Hard
Companion cells in phloem are directly associated with:
Answer: B
Companion cells are parenchymatous cells attached to sieve tube elements, providing metabolic support for phloem transport.
Q.118Hard
The radial vascular bundles present in monocot roots are characteristic because:
Answer: B
Monocot roots display radial vascular bundles where xylem and phloem alternate in a radial pattern from the center.
Q.119Hard
The phenomenon of wood formation includes which of the following processes?
Answer: B
Wood is formed by secondary xylem, and annual rings result from seasonal variation in secondary xylem formation.
Q.120Easy
Which of the following cells in the phloem tissue is enucleate (lacks a nucleus)?
Answer: A
Sieve tube elements are enucleate at maturity, losing their nucleus to facilitate the flow of photosynthates. Companion cells remain nucleate and control sieve tube metabolism.
