This question asks about the meaning of an important administrative policy introduced by the Mughal Emperor Akbar.
Sulh-i-Kul was Akbar's policy of religious tolerance and peaceful coexistence among all communities in his empire. The term literally translates from Persian as "peace with all," reflecting Akbar's pragmatic approach to governing a religiously diverse population including Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and others. This policy abolished the jizya (tax on non-Muslims), appointed people based on merit regardless of religion, and promoted interfaith dialogue, making it fundamentally different from policies of religious persecution or division. By implementing Sulh-i-Kul, Akbar created a more stable and unified empire where people of different faiths could coexist peacefully under Mughal rule.
The correct answer is (B) Peace with all.
This question asks about who held the position of Governor-General of India immediately after the country gained independence on August 15, 1947.
Lord Louis Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of free India from August 15, 1947 to June 21, 1948. He was appointed by the British Crown and continued in this ceremonial role during the crucial transition period after independence. After Mountbatten's departure, Dr. Rajagopalachari became the second Governor-General, making him the first Indian-born Governor-General, while Rajendra Prasad later became the first President of India under the new Constitution.
The correct answer is (A) Lord Louis Mountbatten, who was the first Governor-General of independent India.
After Alexander's death, Chandragupta Maurya initially sought help from Seleucus I Nicator and later defeated him, establishing Mauryan control over northwestern India.
The concept of Chakravartin is extensively discussed in the Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Puranas, describing a ruler who conquers all directions and rules the entire world.
Harappan cities featured grid patterns, excellent drainage, and standardized bricks, but notably lacked prominent temple structures, suggesting a different religious or social organization.
Sabhas and Samitis were assemblies of nobles and commoners respectively, involved in political decisions, disputes resolution, and governance during the Vedic and early post-Vedic periods.
The Mauryan empire was divided into Chakras (provincial divisions), each governed by a viceroy or Chakravarti, reporting directly to the central authority in Pataliputra.
The Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft and economics authored by Kautilya (Chanakya), the chief advisor to the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya.
The Arthashastra is a Sanskrit text composed during the Mauryan Empire that serves as a comprehensive guide on administration, governance, economics, and military strategy for rulers.
Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 322-298 BCE) established the Mauryan Empire, and his chief minister Kautilya (also known as Chanakya or Vishnugupta) compiled the Arthashastra as a practical administrative text to guide imperial governance and state policies.
The correct answer is (B) Chandragupta Maurya, as the Arthashastra was compiled during his reign by his advisor Kautilya to serve as the administrative framework for the Mauryan Empire.
The Cholas conducted significant maritime trade with Southeast Asia (Java, Sumatra), China, and the Indian Ocean region, establishing colonies and trading posts.
Chandragupta II (r. 375-415 CE), also known as Vikramaditya, was a great Gupta emperor known for military conquests, cultural achievements, and patronage of arts, literature, and science.
