Article 32 grants the Supreme Court power to issue all five types of writs: Habeas Corpus (release from unlawful detention), Mandamus (to compel performance of duty), Prohibition (to prevent ultra vires action), Certiorari (to quash orders), and Quo Warranto (to question authority).

These are crucial remedies for enforcing Fundamental Rights.

Article 39A, inserted by the 42nd Amendment (1976), specifically mandates that the State shall secure free legal aid for economically weaker citizens.

This DPSP recognizes that justice should be accessible to all, regardless of economic status.

Under Article 85(2), the President has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha on the advice of the Prime Minister.

However, this is a constitutional power exercised on ministerial advice.

The President cannot dissolve the Lok Sabha without PM's recommendation, reflecting parliamentary sovereignty.

Article 75(3) establishes that the Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.

However, option B is partially correct (6 months under Article 75(4)), but the complete collective responsibility principle is the most fundamental feature.

Option A is incorrect as Rajya Sabha members can be Ministers.

The 73rd Amendment (1992) doesn't mandate mandatory inclusion of all agricultural workers in Gram Sabha.

It established three-tier Panchayats (village, block, district), ensured one-third reservation for women (amended to include SC/ST), and fixed a five-year term.

Gram Sabha participation is voluntary, not mandatory for specific categories.

Article 124(4) and Article 217(1) provide for removal of Supreme Court and High Court judges respectively, on grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity.

This requires a motion in both Houses of Parliament, investigation by a committee, and approval by 2/3 majority of members present and voting.

This is a rigorous impeachment process.

The 42nd Amendment (1976) significantly modified the Preamble, added Article 39A, and amended Article 368.

However, Article 21 was NOT directly modified by the 42nd Amendment.

The expansion of Article 21 to include right to life with dignity came through judicial interpretation, particularly in later judgments like Maneka Gandhi v.

Union of India (1978).

While Article 37 states that DPSPs are not enforceable in courts, the Supreme Court has evolved the doctrine of harmonious construction, attempting to give effect to both.

However, generally Fundamental Rights take precedence.

In cases like Kerala Education Bill, the Court balanced both.

The Constitution itself recognizes potential conflict by making FR enforceable and DPSP non-enforceable.

Article 371 contains special provisions for states like Maharashtra (371-A), Gujarat (371-B), Nagaland (371-A), Manipur (371-B), Telangana (371-D), and others.

Goa doesn't have a specific Article 371 clause, though it has special constitutional status from other provisions.

The special articles were created to address unique historical, cultural, and administrative needs of these states.

The 42nd Amendment Act (1976) added three significant words to the Preamble: 'Socialist' (before 'Democratic'), 'Secular' (after 'Sovereign'), and 'Integrity' (after 'Unity').

These additions were made during the Emergency period under PM Indira Gandhi and represented a major constitutional amendment.