Linear search checks each element sequentially. In the worst case, it needs to check all n elements, resulting in O(n) time complexity.

ptr is reassigned to point to b. When we dereference ptr using *ptr, we get the value stored at b, which is 10.

Static variables are initialized only once and retain their value throughout the program execution. Their value persists between function calls.

C does not perform bounds checking on arrays. Accessing beyond array bounds results in undefined behavior - it may access garbage values, crash, or seem to work without error. This is a common source of bugs.

Both char s[] (array notation) and char *s (pointer notation) are valid ways to pass strings to functions in C. C does not have a built-in string type; strings are represented as character arrays or pointers to char.

In C, identifiers can only contain alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9) and underscores (_), and must start with a letter or underscore. The dollar sign (\() is not allowed, making 'my\)var' invalid.

x++ is post-increment (returns 5, then x becomes 6), ++x is pre-increment (x becomes 7, then returns 7). The order of evaluation in printf is implementation-dependent, but typically right to left, giving 5 7.

Structure allocates separate memory for each member (total size = sum of all members). Union shares a single memory location among all members (total size = size of largest member). This is a fundamental difference in memory allocation.

The correct syntax is 'void function(void);' where 'void' in parentheses explicitly states no parameters. Option B is also valid in C (defaults to no parameters), but option A is more explicit and portable across C standards.

typedef creates an alias (synonym) for existing data types. For example, 'typedef int Integer;' creates 'Integer' as an alias for 'int'. This improves code readability and portability. It doesn't create entirely new types, but provides alternative names.